BIO 225 CORRECT EXAMS TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Hypothalamus: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Anterior Pituitary: gonadotropins (FSH and LH)
Gonads: reproductive steroid hormones - ✔✔What is the hormonal pathway that occurs
to signal to the gonads to produce reproductive steroid hormones?
✔✔androgens, estrogens, and progestins - ✔✔What are the three steroid reproductive
hormones we learned about?
✔✔leydig cells, spermatogenic cells, and sertoli cells - ✔✔What are the three key cell
types which allow for spermatogenesis to occur?
✔✔leydig cells - ✔✔cells in spermatogenesis which produce testosterone
✔✔sertoli cells - ✔✔cells in spermatogenesis that surround developing sperm/fill the
gaps between cells to aid in sperm development
✔✔spermatogenic cells - ✔✔sperm at different stages in their life cycle
✔✔epididymis - ✔✔Where are sperm stored to mature further and develop swimming
abilities?
, ✔✔androgens - ✔✔sex hormone made by the testes that promote the development of
secondary sex characteristics: hair growth, voice deepening, and libido
✔✔gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) - ✔✔sex hormone produced by the
hypothalamus; signals to the A pituitary to synthesize and release LH and FSH
✔✔luteinizing hormone (LH) - ✔✔(males) sex hormone produced and released by the
anterior pituitary gland that stimulates androgen synthesis and release for
✔✔FSH - follicle stimulating hormone - ✔✔(males) sex hormone produced by the
anterior pituitary gland that signals the initiation of spermatogenesis
✔✔1. follicular phase
2. ovulation
3. luteal phase - ✔✔What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?
✔✔promotes follicle growth - ✔✔What is the role of LH and FSH during the follicular
phase of the menstrual cycle?
✔✔estradiol/estrogen; inhibits GnRH, FSH, and LH and promotes thickening of the
endometrium - ✔✔Once follicle has grown substantially, which hormone does the follicle
produce? What is its role?
✔✔ovulation - ✔✔What part of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the follicle
rupturing and the ovulated secondary oocyte releasing
✔✔oocyte (egg) - ✔✔A spike in LH and FSH cause the release of __________ during
the menstrual cycle.
✔✔luteal phase - ✔✔Portion of the menstrual cycle where the corpus luteum
degenerates and the endometrium continues to thicken.
✔✔chorion - ✔✔The outermost fetal membrane; provides protective barrier for the
developing embryo, and contributes to the formation of the placenta; produces HCG
✔✔hCG - ✔✔hormone produced by the chorion; maintains corpus luteum; also
influences the production of progesterone and estrogen
✔✔placenta - ✔✔The interface between mother and fetus (composed of cells derived
from both); after first trimester, produces estrogen and progesterone
✔✔oxytocin and prostaglandins - ✔✔Which hormones produced during childbirth
induce uterine contractions?
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Hypothalamus: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Anterior Pituitary: gonadotropins (FSH and LH)
Gonads: reproductive steroid hormones - ✔✔What is the hormonal pathway that occurs
to signal to the gonads to produce reproductive steroid hormones?
✔✔androgens, estrogens, and progestins - ✔✔What are the three steroid reproductive
hormones we learned about?
✔✔leydig cells, spermatogenic cells, and sertoli cells - ✔✔What are the three key cell
types which allow for spermatogenesis to occur?
✔✔leydig cells - ✔✔cells in spermatogenesis which produce testosterone
✔✔sertoli cells - ✔✔cells in spermatogenesis that surround developing sperm/fill the
gaps between cells to aid in sperm development
✔✔spermatogenic cells - ✔✔sperm at different stages in their life cycle
✔✔epididymis - ✔✔Where are sperm stored to mature further and develop swimming
abilities?
, ✔✔androgens - ✔✔sex hormone made by the testes that promote the development of
secondary sex characteristics: hair growth, voice deepening, and libido
✔✔gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) - ✔✔sex hormone produced by the
hypothalamus; signals to the A pituitary to synthesize and release LH and FSH
✔✔luteinizing hormone (LH) - ✔✔(males) sex hormone produced and released by the
anterior pituitary gland that stimulates androgen synthesis and release for
✔✔FSH - follicle stimulating hormone - ✔✔(males) sex hormone produced by the
anterior pituitary gland that signals the initiation of spermatogenesis
✔✔1. follicular phase
2. ovulation
3. luteal phase - ✔✔What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?
✔✔promotes follicle growth - ✔✔What is the role of LH and FSH during the follicular
phase of the menstrual cycle?
✔✔estradiol/estrogen; inhibits GnRH, FSH, and LH and promotes thickening of the
endometrium - ✔✔Once follicle has grown substantially, which hormone does the follicle
produce? What is its role?
✔✔ovulation - ✔✔What part of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the follicle
rupturing and the ovulated secondary oocyte releasing
✔✔oocyte (egg) - ✔✔A spike in LH and FSH cause the release of __________ during
the menstrual cycle.
✔✔luteal phase - ✔✔Portion of the menstrual cycle where the corpus luteum
degenerates and the endometrium continues to thicken.
✔✔chorion - ✔✔The outermost fetal membrane; provides protective barrier for the
developing embryo, and contributes to the formation of the placenta; produces HCG
✔✔hCG - ✔✔hormone produced by the chorion; maintains corpus luteum; also
influences the production of progesterone and estrogen
✔✔placenta - ✔✔The interface between mother and fetus (composed of cells derived
from both); after first trimester, produces estrogen and progesterone
✔✔oxytocin and prostaglandins - ✔✔Which hormones produced during childbirth
induce uterine contractions?
