PSY 200 NEWEST EXAMS 2 ALL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are the key attributes of language? - ✔✔arbitrary, structured, generative,
dynamic
✔✔what are phonemes? - ✔✔smallest unit of sound
✔✔what are morphemes? - ✔✔smallest unit of meaning
✔✔what is semantic ambiguity? - ✔✔expressions have multiple meanings out of context
Either lexical or syntactic
✔✔give an example of lexical ambiguity - ✔✔I saw her duck
✔✔give an example of syntactic ambiguity - ✔✔The chicken is ready to eat
✔✔garden path sentences - ✔✔sentences that begin by appearing to mean one thing,
but then end up meaning something else
✔✔What is coarticulation? - ✔✔The influence of preceding and following sounds on
how speech sounds are produced
, ✔✔What are disfluencies? - ✔✔Pauses , repeats, filler words, corrections
✔✔What is the good-enough approach to language? - ✔✔we don't deeply process
every single part of language, and we often skip over details
✔✔What is the Moses illusion? - ✔✔an example of good-enough language processing
(you don't notice that notice that Moses is mentioned instead of Noah)
✔✔What is the McGurk effect? - ✔✔visual input can conflict and misrepresent what we
are hearing
✔✔What is the phonemic restoration effect? - ✔✔"fill in" missing phonemes based on
context of sentence and portion of word presented
✔✔What is categorical perception? - ✔✔Perceived sound changes from one category
to another at one point, rather than gradually
✔✔What is speech segmentation? - ✔✔the ability to tell when one word ends and
another begins even without pauses--- infants can do this
✔✔What is the word frequency effect? - ✔✔we respond more rapidly to high-frequency
words than to low-frequency words
✔✔What is meaning dominance? - ✔✔some meanings of words occur more frequently
than others, and we are more likely to perceive that meaning first
✔✔What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? - ✔✔language shapes how people experience
their world
✔✔What aspects of language can primates understand? - ✔✔displaced reference,
lexigrams, individual signs
✔✔What are limitations of teaching primates language? - ✔✔extensive training,
inflexible vocal anatomy, can only respond to questions, lack of recursive grammar
✔✔what are the benefits of bilingualism? - ✔✔does not cause delays in language
learning
requires more executive control than being monolingual,
protects older adults from declines,
facilitates perspective taking
✔✔Name four kinds of future thinking. - ✔✔simulation, prediction, invention, and
planning
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are the key attributes of language? - ✔✔arbitrary, structured, generative,
dynamic
✔✔what are phonemes? - ✔✔smallest unit of sound
✔✔what are morphemes? - ✔✔smallest unit of meaning
✔✔what is semantic ambiguity? - ✔✔expressions have multiple meanings out of context
Either lexical or syntactic
✔✔give an example of lexical ambiguity - ✔✔I saw her duck
✔✔give an example of syntactic ambiguity - ✔✔The chicken is ready to eat
✔✔garden path sentences - ✔✔sentences that begin by appearing to mean one thing,
but then end up meaning something else
✔✔What is coarticulation? - ✔✔The influence of preceding and following sounds on
how speech sounds are produced
, ✔✔What are disfluencies? - ✔✔Pauses , repeats, filler words, corrections
✔✔What is the good-enough approach to language? - ✔✔we don't deeply process
every single part of language, and we often skip over details
✔✔What is the Moses illusion? - ✔✔an example of good-enough language processing
(you don't notice that notice that Moses is mentioned instead of Noah)
✔✔What is the McGurk effect? - ✔✔visual input can conflict and misrepresent what we
are hearing
✔✔What is the phonemic restoration effect? - ✔✔"fill in" missing phonemes based on
context of sentence and portion of word presented
✔✔What is categorical perception? - ✔✔Perceived sound changes from one category
to another at one point, rather than gradually
✔✔What is speech segmentation? - ✔✔the ability to tell when one word ends and
another begins even without pauses--- infants can do this
✔✔What is the word frequency effect? - ✔✔we respond more rapidly to high-frequency
words than to low-frequency words
✔✔What is meaning dominance? - ✔✔some meanings of words occur more frequently
than others, and we are more likely to perceive that meaning first
✔✔What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? - ✔✔language shapes how people experience
their world
✔✔What aspects of language can primates understand? - ✔✔displaced reference,
lexigrams, individual signs
✔✔What are limitations of teaching primates language? - ✔✔extensive training,
inflexible vocal anatomy, can only respond to questions, lack of recursive grammar
✔✔what are the benefits of bilingualism? - ✔✔does not cause delays in language
learning
requires more executive control than being monolingual,
protects older adults from declines,
facilitates perspective taking
✔✔Name four kinds of future thinking. - ✔✔simulation, prediction, invention, and
planning
