How are nucleotides joined together?
ANSWER
condensation
What does mRNA do?
ANSWER
carries code out of cell.
code for protein structure.
DNA to ribosomes
end of transcription start of translation
What does tRNA do?
ANSWER
decodes mRNA. Matches amino acids to mRNA code. Protein synthesis
What does rRNA do?
ANSWER
part of ribosome structure
most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
Feedback Inhibition
ANSWER
1
,end product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product
Endonucleases
ANSWER
cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/in chain
recognition site is palindromic sequence
cleaves unevenly, leaves sticky ends
(restriction enzymes)\
Exonucleases
ANSWER
degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nucleotide at a time
cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
5' ---> 3' and 3' ---> 5'
ORI sites
ANSWER
origin of replication on chromosome
triggers DNA replication
DNA polymerase III
ANSWER
copies DNA by reading existing strand, builds new comp. strand
always adds to 3' end
can't start new strand on its own (ORI sites)
2
, gyrase
ANSWER
unwinds DNA in front of fork
DNA polymerase I
ANSWER
removes RNA nucleotides form RNA primers and replaces with DNA
(makes sure primers that start replication are removed)
helicase
ANSWER
breaks H-bonds of double helix
topoisomerase
ANSWER
breaks/ reseals DNA backbone to release tension caused by twisting
(DNA gyrase)
primase
ANSWER
(RNA pol)
primers, small RNA, serves as starting points for copying DNA
helper enzyme for DNA pol III
single-strand DNA-binding proteins (SSBPs)
ANSWER
hold DNA open during replication
3
ANSWER
condensation
What does mRNA do?
ANSWER
carries code out of cell.
code for protein structure.
DNA to ribosomes
end of transcription start of translation
What does tRNA do?
ANSWER
decodes mRNA. Matches amino acids to mRNA code. Protein synthesis
What does rRNA do?
ANSWER
part of ribosome structure
most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
Feedback Inhibition
ANSWER
1
,end product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product
Endonucleases
ANSWER
cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/in chain
recognition site is palindromic sequence
cleaves unevenly, leaves sticky ends
(restriction enzymes)\
Exonucleases
ANSWER
degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nucleotide at a time
cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
5' ---> 3' and 3' ---> 5'
ORI sites
ANSWER
origin of replication on chromosome
triggers DNA replication
DNA polymerase III
ANSWER
copies DNA by reading existing strand, builds new comp. strand
always adds to 3' end
can't start new strand on its own (ORI sites)
2
, gyrase
ANSWER
unwinds DNA in front of fork
DNA polymerase I
ANSWER
removes RNA nucleotides form RNA primers and replaces with DNA
(makes sure primers that start replication are removed)
helicase
ANSWER
breaks H-bonds of double helix
topoisomerase
ANSWER
breaks/ reseals DNA backbone to release tension caused by twisting
(DNA gyrase)
primase
ANSWER
(RNA pol)
primers, small RNA, serves as starting points for copying DNA
helper enzyme for DNA pol III
single-strand DNA-binding proteins (SSBPs)
ANSWER
hold DNA open during replication
3
