MCA I - FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 SUMMER-FALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+
The nurse identifies a risk factor for kidney and bladder cancer in a patient who
relates a history of
a. aspirin use
b. tobacco use
c. chronic alcohol abuse
d. use of artificial sweeteners
b. tobacco use
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for renal cell
carcinoma. An increased incidence has also been identified in first-degree relatives
of patients with this condition. Other risk factors include obesity, hypertension, and
exposure to asbestos, cadmium, and gasoline. Risk for renal cancer is also
increased in individuals who have acquired cystic disease of the kidney in
association with end-stage renal disease. Risk factors for bladder cancer include
smoking, exposure to dyes used in the rubber and cable industries, and chronic
abuse of phenacetin-containing analgesics.
,In planning nursing interventions to increase bladder control in the patient with
urinary incontinence, the nurse includes
a. teaching the patient to use Kegel exercises
b. clamping and releasing a catheter to increase bladder tone
c. teaching the patient biofeedback mechanisms to suppress the urge to void
d. counseling the patient concerning choice of incontinence containment device
a. teaching the patient to use Kegel exercises
Rationale: Pelvic floor muscle training (i.e., Kegel exercises) is used to manage
stress, urge, or mixed urinary incontinence.
The nurse is caring for a 73-yr-old male patient with a history of benign prostatic
hyperplasia and symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Which diagnostic finding
would support this diagnosis?
A. White blood cell count is 7500 cells/µL.
B.Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titer is 106 Todd units/mL.
,C. Glucose, protein, and ketones are present in the urine.
D. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase are present in the urine.
D. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase are present in the urine.
A patient with type 2 diabetes is reporting a second urinary tract
infections(UTI)within the past month. Which medication should the nurse expect
to be ordered for the recurrent infection?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Fosfomycin
C. Nitrofurantoin
D. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
A. Ciprofloxacin
This UTI is a complicated UTI because the patient has type 2 diabetes and the UTI
is recurrent. Ciprofloxacin would be used for a complicated UTI. Fosfomycin,
nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole should be used for
uncomplicated UTIs.
, In teaching a patient with pyelonephritis about the disorder, the nurse informs the
patient that the organisms that cause pyelonephritis most commonly reach the
kidneys through
a. the bloodstream
b. the lymphatic system
c. a descending infection
d. an ascending infection
d. an ascending infection
Rationale: The organisms that usually cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) are
introduced via the ascending route from the urethra, and the infections originate in
the perineum.
The nurse teaches the female patient who has frequent UTIs that she should
a. take tub baths with bubble bath
b. urinate before and after sexual intercourse
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+
The nurse identifies a risk factor for kidney and bladder cancer in a patient who
relates a history of
a. aspirin use
b. tobacco use
c. chronic alcohol abuse
d. use of artificial sweeteners
b. tobacco use
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for renal cell
carcinoma. An increased incidence has also been identified in first-degree relatives
of patients with this condition. Other risk factors include obesity, hypertension, and
exposure to asbestos, cadmium, and gasoline. Risk for renal cancer is also
increased in individuals who have acquired cystic disease of the kidney in
association with end-stage renal disease. Risk factors for bladder cancer include
smoking, exposure to dyes used in the rubber and cable industries, and chronic
abuse of phenacetin-containing analgesics.
,In planning nursing interventions to increase bladder control in the patient with
urinary incontinence, the nurse includes
a. teaching the patient to use Kegel exercises
b. clamping and releasing a catheter to increase bladder tone
c. teaching the patient biofeedback mechanisms to suppress the urge to void
d. counseling the patient concerning choice of incontinence containment device
a. teaching the patient to use Kegel exercises
Rationale: Pelvic floor muscle training (i.e., Kegel exercises) is used to manage
stress, urge, or mixed urinary incontinence.
The nurse is caring for a 73-yr-old male patient with a history of benign prostatic
hyperplasia and symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Which diagnostic finding
would support this diagnosis?
A. White blood cell count is 7500 cells/µL.
B.Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titer is 106 Todd units/mL.
,C. Glucose, protein, and ketones are present in the urine.
D. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase are present in the urine.
D. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase are present in the urine.
A patient with type 2 diabetes is reporting a second urinary tract
infections(UTI)within the past month. Which medication should the nurse expect
to be ordered for the recurrent infection?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Fosfomycin
C. Nitrofurantoin
D. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
A. Ciprofloxacin
This UTI is a complicated UTI because the patient has type 2 diabetes and the UTI
is recurrent. Ciprofloxacin would be used for a complicated UTI. Fosfomycin,
nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole should be used for
uncomplicated UTIs.
, In teaching a patient with pyelonephritis about the disorder, the nurse informs the
patient that the organisms that cause pyelonephritis most commonly reach the
kidneys through
a. the bloodstream
b. the lymphatic system
c. a descending infection
d. an ascending infection
d. an ascending infection
Rationale: The organisms that usually cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) are
introduced via the ascending route from the urethra, and the infections originate in
the perineum.
The nurse teaches the female patient who has frequent UTIs that she should
a. take tub baths with bubble bath
b. urinate before and after sexual intercourse
