CHAMBERL AIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
School of Nursing · NR 568
Advanced Pharmacology for the Adult-Gerontology
Primary Care Nurse Practitioner
NR 568 — Advanced Pharmacology
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Final Exam · Comprehensive Question Bank
Question 1
What is the mechanism of action of sildenafil?
A. Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, increasing cGMP and vasodilation in the penis.
B. Directly stimulates penile smooth muscle contraction.
C. Blocks alpha-1 receptors.
D. Increases testosterone levels.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, increasing cGMP and vasodilation in the penis.
RATIONALE:
Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor that increases levels of cyclic GMP,
promoting smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation in the penile arteries, leading to
improved erectile function.
, Question 2
What is the mechanism of action of carbidopa in Parkinson's treatment?
A. Inhibits peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa, increasing its availability to the brain.
B. Directly stimulates dopamine receptors.
C. Inhibits MAO-B.
D. Blocks acetylcholine receptors.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Inhibits peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa, increasing its availability to the
brain.
RATIONALE:
Carbidopa inhibits peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa, allowing more levodopa to
reach the brain and reducing peripheral side effects such as nausea and vomiting. This
combination is used in Parkinson's disease therapy.
Question 3
What drug reduces prostate size in patients with BPH?
A. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride). Adverse effects include decreased libido
and ED.
B. Alpha-1 blockers (e.g., tamsulosin).
C. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors.
D. Anticholinergics.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride). Adverse effects include decreased
libido and ED.
RATIONALE:
5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride) reduce prostate size by inhibiting the
conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Common adverse effects include
decreased libido and erectile dysfunction.
, Question 4
What is the role of estrogen therapy in the prevention of osteoporosis?
A. Estrogen therapy helps maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women. HRT is only recommended when the benefits outweigh risks.
B. Estrogen therapy is the first-line treatment for all postmenopausal women.
C. Estrogen therapy is contraindicated for osteoporosis prevention.
D. Estrogen therapy has no effect on bone density.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Estrogen therapy helps maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women. HRT is only recommended when the benefits outweigh
risks.
RATIONALE:
Estrogen therapy is effective in maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women. However, due to potential risks including thromboembolism and
breast cancer, HRT is only recommended when the benefits outweigh the risks for the
individual patient.
Question 5
What is the mechanism of action of entacapone in Parkinson's disease?
A. Inhibits COMT, prolonging the effect of levodopa.
B. Directly stimulates dopamine receptors.
C. Inhibits MAO-B.
D. Blocks acetylcholine receptors.
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Inhibits COMT, prolonging the effect of levodopa.
RATIONALE:
Entacapone inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), prolonging the effect of
levodopa in the brain and reducing "off time" in Parkinson's disease patients.
, Question 6
What is the treatment for delayed puberty?
A. Androgen therapy is initiated when there's a confirmed delayed puberty, typically
starting at 12-14 years old; short courses are used to jumpstart puberty.
B. Estrogen therapy is initiated.
C. Growth hormone therapy only.
D. No treatment is available.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Androgen therapy is initiated when there's a confirmed delayed puberty,
typically starting at 12-14 years old; short courses are used to jumpstart puberty.
RATIONALE:
In cases of confirmed delayed puberty, androgen therapy is initiated, typically starting at
12-14 years of age. Short courses of treatment are used to stimulate the onset of puberty
and promote normal development.
Question 7
How should the appropriate birth control method be suggested?
A. Consider the patient's health status, risk of thromboembolism, preference for daily vs.
long-term contraception.
B. Recommend the same method for all patients.
C. Only consider the patient's age.
D. Only consider the patient's preference.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Consider the patient's health status, risk of thromboembolism, preference for
daily vs. long-term contraception.
RATIONALE:
Selecting an appropriate birth control method requires a shared decision-making approach
that considers the patient's health status, risk factors for thromboembolism, and
preferences regarding daily versus long-acting reversible contraception.
School of Nursing · NR 568
Advanced Pharmacology for the Adult-Gerontology
Primary Care Nurse Practitioner
NR 568 — Advanced Pharmacology
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Final Exam · Comprehensive Question Bank
Question 1
What is the mechanism of action of sildenafil?
A. Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, increasing cGMP and vasodilation in the penis.
B. Directly stimulates penile smooth muscle contraction.
C. Blocks alpha-1 receptors.
D. Increases testosterone levels.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, increasing cGMP and vasodilation in the penis.
RATIONALE:
Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor that increases levels of cyclic GMP,
promoting smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation in the penile arteries, leading to
improved erectile function.
, Question 2
What is the mechanism of action of carbidopa in Parkinson's treatment?
A. Inhibits peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa, increasing its availability to the brain.
B. Directly stimulates dopamine receptors.
C. Inhibits MAO-B.
D. Blocks acetylcholine receptors.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Inhibits peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa, increasing its availability to the
brain.
RATIONALE:
Carbidopa inhibits peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa, allowing more levodopa to
reach the brain and reducing peripheral side effects such as nausea and vomiting. This
combination is used in Parkinson's disease therapy.
Question 3
What drug reduces prostate size in patients with BPH?
A. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride). Adverse effects include decreased libido
and ED.
B. Alpha-1 blockers (e.g., tamsulosin).
C. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors.
D. Anticholinergics.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride). Adverse effects include decreased
libido and ED.
RATIONALE:
5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride) reduce prostate size by inhibiting the
conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Common adverse effects include
decreased libido and erectile dysfunction.
, Question 4
What is the role of estrogen therapy in the prevention of osteoporosis?
A. Estrogen therapy helps maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women. HRT is only recommended when the benefits outweigh risks.
B. Estrogen therapy is the first-line treatment for all postmenopausal women.
C. Estrogen therapy is contraindicated for osteoporosis prevention.
D. Estrogen therapy has no effect on bone density.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Estrogen therapy helps maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women. HRT is only recommended when the benefits outweigh
risks.
RATIONALE:
Estrogen therapy is effective in maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women. However, due to potential risks including thromboembolism and
breast cancer, HRT is only recommended when the benefits outweigh the risks for the
individual patient.
Question 5
What is the mechanism of action of entacapone in Parkinson's disease?
A. Inhibits COMT, prolonging the effect of levodopa.
B. Directly stimulates dopamine receptors.
C. Inhibits MAO-B.
D. Blocks acetylcholine receptors.
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Inhibits COMT, prolonging the effect of levodopa.
RATIONALE:
Entacapone inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), prolonging the effect of
levodopa in the brain and reducing "off time" in Parkinson's disease patients.
, Question 6
What is the treatment for delayed puberty?
A. Androgen therapy is initiated when there's a confirmed delayed puberty, typically
starting at 12-14 years old; short courses are used to jumpstart puberty.
B. Estrogen therapy is initiated.
C. Growth hormone therapy only.
D. No treatment is available.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Androgen therapy is initiated when there's a confirmed delayed puberty,
typically starting at 12-14 years old; short courses are used to jumpstart puberty.
RATIONALE:
In cases of confirmed delayed puberty, androgen therapy is initiated, typically starting at
12-14 years of age. Short courses of treatment are used to stimulate the onset of puberty
and promote normal development.
Question 7
How should the appropriate birth control method be suggested?
A. Consider the patient's health status, risk of thromboembolism, preference for daily vs.
long-term contraception.
B. Recommend the same method for all patients.
C. Only consider the patient's age.
D. Only consider the patient's preference.
CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Consider the patient's health status, risk of thromboembolism, preference for
daily vs. long-term contraception.
RATIONALE:
Selecting an appropriate birth control method requires a shared decision-making approach
that considers the patient's health status, risk factors for thromboembolism, and
preferences regarding daily versus long-acting reversible contraception.
