FNP Review exam 2025-2026 Update
Questions and Correct Answers
Rated A+
D
O
N
O
T
C
O
PY
According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, which
characteristic listed below is a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk
equivalent; that is, which risk factor places the patient at similar
risk for CHD as a history of CHD?
a. Hypertension
b. Cigarette smoking
c. Male age > 45 years
,d. Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER-d. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale:
In determining whether a patient should be treated for
hyperlipidemia, a patient's risk factors must be determined. After
assessing fasting lipids, specifically LDLs, CHD equivalents must be
identified. These are diabetes, symptomatic carotid artery disease,
peripheral artery disease, abnormal aortic aneurysm, and multiple
D
risk factors that confer a 10 year risk of CHD > 20%. Major CHD
O
risk factors are elevated LDL cholesterol, cigarette smoking,
hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, family history of premature
N
CHD [in male first degree relatives (FDR) < 55years; female FDR,
O
65 years] , and age (men ≥ 45 years, women ≥ 55 years). Patients
with 2 or more risk factors should have a 10 risk assessment
T
performed and treated accordingly.
C
O
A patient will be screened for hyperlipidemia via a serum
PY
specimen. He should be told:
a. to fast for 12 to 14 hours
b. to fast for 6 to 8 hours
c. that black coffee is allowed
d. a non-fasting state will not affect the results - ANSWER-a. to
fast for 12 to 14 hours
,Rationale:
Serum total and HDL cholesterol can be measured in fasting or
non-fasting individuals. There are very small and clinically
insignificant differences in these values when fasting or not. The
primary effect of eating on a patient's lipid values is on the
triglyceride levels. The maximum effect of eating on triglyceride
levels occurs at 3 to 4 hours after eating, but there may be several
peaks during a 12-hour period. Therefore, the most accurate
D
triglyceride levels will be obtained following a 12-hour fast.
O
A 65-year-old male patient has the following lipid levels:
N
O
Total cholesterol = 240 mg/dL
T
LDL = 140 mg/dL
C
HDL = 35 mg/dL
O
Triglycerides = 129 mg/dL
PY
What class of medications is preferred to normalize his lipid levels
and reduce his risk of a cardiac event?
a. Niacin
b. Fibric acids
c. HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors
, d. Bile acid sequestrants - ANSWER-c. HMG Co-A reductase
inhibitors
Rationale:
The only medication class that reduces elevated lipid levels and
has proven efficacy in reducing risk of cardiac events, even for
primary prevention, is a HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor, a statin.
Statin therapy has been shown to reduce overall mortality due to
D
cardiovascular deaths. The statin should significantly reduce his
O
total cholesterol and LDL levels.
N
O
Which test listed below may be used to exclude a secondary cause
of hyperlipidemia in a patient with elevated lipids?
T
a. CBC
C
b. TSH
O
c. Urine culture and sensitivity
PY
d. Sedimentation rate - ANSWER-b. TSH
Rationale:
Patients who have dyslipidemia should be screened for diabetes,
renal disease, and hypothyroidism. Nephrotic syndrome can
produce remarkably elevated cholesterol levels. Therefore,
Questions and Correct Answers
Rated A+
D
O
N
O
T
C
O
PY
According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, which
characteristic listed below is a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk
equivalent; that is, which risk factor places the patient at similar
risk for CHD as a history of CHD?
a. Hypertension
b. Cigarette smoking
c. Male age > 45 years
,d. Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER-d. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale:
In determining whether a patient should be treated for
hyperlipidemia, a patient's risk factors must be determined. After
assessing fasting lipids, specifically LDLs, CHD equivalents must be
identified. These are diabetes, symptomatic carotid artery disease,
peripheral artery disease, abnormal aortic aneurysm, and multiple
D
risk factors that confer a 10 year risk of CHD > 20%. Major CHD
O
risk factors are elevated LDL cholesterol, cigarette smoking,
hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, family history of premature
N
CHD [in male first degree relatives (FDR) < 55years; female FDR,
O
65 years] , and age (men ≥ 45 years, women ≥ 55 years). Patients
with 2 or more risk factors should have a 10 risk assessment
T
performed and treated accordingly.
C
O
A patient will be screened for hyperlipidemia via a serum
PY
specimen. He should be told:
a. to fast for 12 to 14 hours
b. to fast for 6 to 8 hours
c. that black coffee is allowed
d. a non-fasting state will not affect the results - ANSWER-a. to
fast for 12 to 14 hours
,Rationale:
Serum total and HDL cholesterol can be measured in fasting or
non-fasting individuals. There are very small and clinically
insignificant differences in these values when fasting or not. The
primary effect of eating on a patient's lipid values is on the
triglyceride levels. The maximum effect of eating on triglyceride
levels occurs at 3 to 4 hours after eating, but there may be several
peaks during a 12-hour period. Therefore, the most accurate
D
triglyceride levels will be obtained following a 12-hour fast.
O
A 65-year-old male patient has the following lipid levels:
N
O
Total cholesterol = 240 mg/dL
T
LDL = 140 mg/dL
C
HDL = 35 mg/dL
O
Triglycerides = 129 mg/dL
PY
What class of medications is preferred to normalize his lipid levels
and reduce his risk of a cardiac event?
a. Niacin
b. Fibric acids
c. HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors
, d. Bile acid sequestrants - ANSWER-c. HMG Co-A reductase
inhibitors
Rationale:
The only medication class that reduces elevated lipid levels and
has proven efficacy in reducing risk of cardiac events, even for
primary prevention, is a HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor, a statin.
Statin therapy has been shown to reduce overall mortality due to
D
cardiovascular deaths. The statin should significantly reduce his
O
total cholesterol and LDL levels.
N
O
Which test listed below may be used to exclude a secondary cause
of hyperlipidemia in a patient with elevated lipids?
T
a. CBC
C
b. TSH
O
c. Urine culture and sensitivity
PY
d. Sedimentation rate - ANSWER-b. TSH
Rationale:
Patients who have dyslipidemia should be screened for diabetes,
renal disease, and hypothyroidism. Nephrotic syndrome can
produce remarkably elevated cholesterol levels. Therefore,
