Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology 7th Edition
By Bryan Kolb, Ian Whishaw (Test Bank)
Neuropsychology - ANSWER the scientific study of the relationships between brain
function and behaviour
Brain theory - ANSWER States that the brain is the source of the behaviour
Neuron theory - ANSWER The idea that the unit of brain structure and function is
the neuron, or nerve cell
Neuron - ANSWER A nerve cell that transmits and stores information: the basic unit
of the nervous system; includes the cell body (soma), many processes (dendrites),
and an axon.
Brain - ANSWER The encephalon - forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain - developed
from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube and the part of the central
nervous system contained within the cranium.
Hemispheres - ANSWER (half spheres) On the left and right sides of the cerebrum
and cerebellum, either of the pair of structures constituting the telencephalon.
Neural tube - ANSWER The brain's basic plan is that of this tube. It forms the early
brain and spine.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ANSWER A clear solution of sodium chloride and other
salts that cushions the brain and may play a role in removing metabolic waste. CSF
fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain, beneath the
arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.
Neocortex - ANSWER The newest layer of the brain, forming the outer layer, or
"new bark"; has four to six layers of cells; in this book, synonymous with cortex.
Gyrus (gyri pl.) - ANSWER A convolution (bump) in the neocortex produced by
folding.
Sulcus (sulci pl.) - ANSWER A cleft in the cortex produced by folding.
Longitudinal fissure - ANSWER A deep cleft that divides the brain's two
hemispheres. Also known as the sagittal fissure.
Lateral fissure - ANSWER A deep cleft in the cortical surface of the brain that
separates the temporal and parietal lobes. Also called Sylvian fissure.
Corpus callosum - ANSWER A commissure (fiber system) that connects homotopic
areas in the two hemispheres. A split-brain patient is one whose corpus callosum
has been severed.
, Temporal lobe - ANSWER An area of the cortex and connections below the lateral
fissure, adjacent to the temporal bones. The name derives from 'time' because the
side of the head is the first to gray with aging.
Frontal lobe - ANSWER All the neocortex and connections forward of the central
sulcus. Located at the front of the brain, beneath the frontal bones.
Occipital lobe - ANSWER Constitutes the area at the back of each hemisphere. It
lays in the back part of the head.
Parietal lobe - ANSWER Located behind the frontal lobe and beneath the parietal
bone.
Forebrain - ANSWER The cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus,
amygdala, hippocampus, and septum. It develops from the front part of the neural
tube that makes up an embryo's primitive brain.
Spinal cord - ANSWER Descends down the back within the vertebral column. Part
of the central nervous system that is enclosed within the vertebral column.
Central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER Together, the brain and spinal cord are
called the CNS. The skull and vertebrae cannot regrow after damage. The CNS is
connected to the rest of the body through nerve fibers. Some fibers carry information
away from the CNS, and some bring information to the CNS.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER The collective name for all the
neurons in the body that are located outside the brain and spinal cord and can
regrow after damage.
Somatic nervous system - ANSWER Nerve fibers that are extensively connected to
sensory receptors on the body's surface and to muscles and that carry information to
the CNS. A subdivision of the PNS. It senses and responds to our external world.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) - ANSWER A division of the peripheral nervous
system that regulates the functioning of the body's internal organs and glands. It
senses and responds to the body's organs, in our internal world.
Sensory pathways - ANSWER Collections of fibers that carry messages from our
different senses, including our five major senses. Carry information collected on one
side of the body mainly to the cortex in the opposite hemisphere. The brain uses this
information to construct perceptions of the world, memories of past events, and
expectations about the future.
Motor pathways - ANSWER Produce our various movements, such as the eye
movements that you are using to read this book, the hand movements that you make
while turning or scrolling through the page, and your body's posture as you read.
Natural selection - ANSWER Darwin's theory for explaining how we species evolve
and how they change over time
By Bryan Kolb, Ian Whishaw (Test Bank)
Neuropsychology - ANSWER the scientific study of the relationships between brain
function and behaviour
Brain theory - ANSWER States that the brain is the source of the behaviour
Neuron theory - ANSWER The idea that the unit of brain structure and function is
the neuron, or nerve cell
Neuron - ANSWER A nerve cell that transmits and stores information: the basic unit
of the nervous system; includes the cell body (soma), many processes (dendrites),
and an axon.
Brain - ANSWER The encephalon - forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain - developed
from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube and the part of the central
nervous system contained within the cranium.
Hemispheres - ANSWER (half spheres) On the left and right sides of the cerebrum
and cerebellum, either of the pair of structures constituting the telencephalon.
Neural tube - ANSWER The brain's basic plan is that of this tube. It forms the early
brain and spine.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ANSWER A clear solution of sodium chloride and other
salts that cushions the brain and may play a role in removing metabolic waste. CSF
fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain, beneath the
arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.
Neocortex - ANSWER The newest layer of the brain, forming the outer layer, or
"new bark"; has four to six layers of cells; in this book, synonymous with cortex.
Gyrus (gyri pl.) - ANSWER A convolution (bump) in the neocortex produced by
folding.
Sulcus (sulci pl.) - ANSWER A cleft in the cortex produced by folding.
Longitudinal fissure - ANSWER A deep cleft that divides the brain's two
hemispheres. Also known as the sagittal fissure.
Lateral fissure - ANSWER A deep cleft in the cortical surface of the brain that
separates the temporal and parietal lobes. Also called Sylvian fissure.
Corpus callosum - ANSWER A commissure (fiber system) that connects homotopic
areas in the two hemispheres. A split-brain patient is one whose corpus callosum
has been severed.
, Temporal lobe - ANSWER An area of the cortex and connections below the lateral
fissure, adjacent to the temporal bones. The name derives from 'time' because the
side of the head is the first to gray with aging.
Frontal lobe - ANSWER All the neocortex and connections forward of the central
sulcus. Located at the front of the brain, beneath the frontal bones.
Occipital lobe - ANSWER Constitutes the area at the back of each hemisphere. It
lays in the back part of the head.
Parietal lobe - ANSWER Located behind the frontal lobe and beneath the parietal
bone.
Forebrain - ANSWER The cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus,
amygdala, hippocampus, and septum. It develops from the front part of the neural
tube that makes up an embryo's primitive brain.
Spinal cord - ANSWER Descends down the back within the vertebral column. Part
of the central nervous system that is enclosed within the vertebral column.
Central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER Together, the brain and spinal cord are
called the CNS. The skull and vertebrae cannot regrow after damage. The CNS is
connected to the rest of the body through nerve fibers. Some fibers carry information
away from the CNS, and some bring information to the CNS.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER The collective name for all the
neurons in the body that are located outside the brain and spinal cord and can
regrow after damage.
Somatic nervous system - ANSWER Nerve fibers that are extensively connected to
sensory receptors on the body's surface and to muscles and that carry information to
the CNS. A subdivision of the PNS. It senses and responds to our external world.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) - ANSWER A division of the peripheral nervous
system that regulates the functioning of the body's internal organs and glands. It
senses and responds to the body's organs, in our internal world.
Sensory pathways - ANSWER Collections of fibers that carry messages from our
different senses, including our five major senses. Carry information collected on one
side of the body mainly to the cortex in the opposite hemisphere. The brain uses this
information to construct perceptions of the world, memories of past events, and
expectations about the future.
Motor pathways - ANSWER Produce our various movements, such as the eye
movements that you are using to read this book, the hand movements that you make
while turning or scrolling through the page, and your body's posture as you read.
Natural selection - ANSWER Darwin's theory for explaining how we species evolve
and how they change over time
