D488 - Cybersecurity Architecture &
Engineering Final Exam with
Guaranteed Pass Answers 2026-2027
Updated.
Which type of security should a business use on its layer 2 switch to isolate the finance network
from other departmental networks?
A - Virtual Private Network (VPN)
B - Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)
C - Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
D - Remotely Triggered Black Hole (RTBH) - Answer C - Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
VLANs allow companies to logically segment network traffic, ensuring devices on different
VLANs cannot communicate unless otherwise specified in a layer 3 device like a router.
Which type of software testing should be used when there has been a change within the
existing environment?
A - Regression Testing
B - Penetration Testing
C - Requirements Testing
D - Release Testing - Answer A - Regression Testing
Regression testing ensures that recent changes within the environment have not introduced
new defects or broken existing functionality.
Which security technique should be used to detect a weak password that may match common
dictionary words?
A - Password Spraying
B - Password Auditing
C - Password Guessing
D - Password History - Answer B - Password Auditing
Password auditing allows for existing passwords to be compared against known weak passwords
to help determine the security of a credential.
What should an organization implement if it wants users of their site to provide a password,
memorable word, and pin?
,A - Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
B - Two-factor authentication (2FA)
C - Two-step verification
D - Single-factor authentication - Answer A - Multi-factor authentication
MFA enhances security by requiring multiple forms of authentication, therefore reducing the
risk of unauthorized access.
A network technician is asked by their manager to update security to block several known bad
actor IP addresses.
A - Signature rules
B - Firewall rules
C - Behavior rules
D - Data loss prevention (DLP) rules - Answer B - Firewall rules
Firewall rules can be set up to deny traffic coming from known malicious IP addresses.
On a shopping website, there is a 500-millisecond delay when the authorized payment button is
selected for purchases. Attackers have been running a script to alter the final payment that
takes 200 milliseconds. Which vulnerability on the website is being targeted by the attackers?
A - Buffer Overflow
B - Integer Overflow
C - Broken Authentication
D - Race Condition - Answer D - Race Condition
A race condition occurs when multiple processes or actions are executed simultaneously, and
the outcome depends on the sequence or timing of events.
A company wants to provide laptops to its employees so they can work remotely. What should
be implemented to ensure only work applications can be installed on company laptops?
A - Containerization
B - Token-based access
C - Patch repository
D - Whitelisting - Answer D - Whitelisting
Whitelisting ensures that only approved applications can be installed and executed on company
laptops.
,What should a business use to provide non-repudiation for emails between employees?
A - TLS/SSL
B - AES-256
C - S/MIME
D - IPSec - Answer C - S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
S/MIME provides non-repudiation for emails by using digital signatures.
Which strategy is appropriate for a risk management team to determine if a business has
insufficient security controls?
A - Qualitative assessment
B - Gap assessment
C - Quantitative risk assessment
D - Impact assessment - Answer B - Gap assessment
A gap assessment identifies the gaps between the current security control and the desired or
required levels of security.
An organization has leased office space that is suitable for its computer equipment so personnel
and systems can be relocated if the main office location is unavailable. It currently has some
equipment. Which type of site is the organization using?
A - Cold site
B - Warm site
C - Hot site
D - Mobile site - Answer B - Warm site
A warm site is a disaster recovery site that provides a partially equipped facility that can be used
to restore critical operations faster than having no equipment at all.
A risk assessment consultant is discussing segmentation options with a client. What are a few
standard options the consultant could offer? Select the best 2 answers.
A - VLANs
B - Transmission Control
C - Physical
D - Access control lists - Answer A & C; VLANs & Physical
, A network device can perform segmentation logically, for example, implementing virtual local
area networks (VLANs). A system can bypass VLANs if an attacker gains access to a trunk port
where all VLANs can talk.
Physical segmentation is another type of segmentation more commonly found in industrial
control systems (ICS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) networks. This is
where, traditionally, there is an IT and OT (operational technology) network.
Transmission control is not a type of segmentation. Transmission control defines how a system
protects communication channels from infiltration, exploitation, and interception.
Access control lists (ACLs) are used to define permissions on a network, file, or object. While
they can restrict access to resources, they do not segment a network in the same way as VLANs
or physical segmentation.
A disaster recovery manager wants to perform a qualitative analysis on intangible assets but is
unsure how to perform the calculations. Which departments should the manager bring on to
help determine metrics? Select 3 answers.
A - Marketing
B - Sales
C - Human Resources
D - Communications - Answer A, B & D; Marketing, Sales, and Communications
Marketing is one of the departments that should help the manager with the metrics. Qualitative
risk assessment is well-suited to the analysis of intangible assets, for example, an organization's
reputation or brand image.
Sales is another department brought on to assist the manager with metrics. These groups are
best-suited to provide input based on their unique insights.
Communications is another department that can help the manager assess the value of many
intangible business assets and the impacts that various risk events can have on them.
The Human Resource department does not necessarily need to participate in an intangible
metric discussion.
A security analyst is performing a security assessment and is recommending ways to manage
risk relating to personnel. Which of the following should the analyst recommend? Select 3
answers.
A - Mandatory vacation
Engineering Final Exam with
Guaranteed Pass Answers 2026-2027
Updated.
Which type of security should a business use on its layer 2 switch to isolate the finance network
from other departmental networks?
A - Virtual Private Network (VPN)
B - Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)
C - Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
D - Remotely Triggered Black Hole (RTBH) - Answer C - Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
VLANs allow companies to logically segment network traffic, ensuring devices on different
VLANs cannot communicate unless otherwise specified in a layer 3 device like a router.
Which type of software testing should be used when there has been a change within the
existing environment?
A - Regression Testing
B - Penetration Testing
C - Requirements Testing
D - Release Testing - Answer A - Regression Testing
Regression testing ensures that recent changes within the environment have not introduced
new defects or broken existing functionality.
Which security technique should be used to detect a weak password that may match common
dictionary words?
A - Password Spraying
B - Password Auditing
C - Password Guessing
D - Password History - Answer B - Password Auditing
Password auditing allows for existing passwords to be compared against known weak passwords
to help determine the security of a credential.
What should an organization implement if it wants users of their site to provide a password,
memorable word, and pin?
,A - Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
B - Two-factor authentication (2FA)
C - Two-step verification
D - Single-factor authentication - Answer A - Multi-factor authentication
MFA enhances security by requiring multiple forms of authentication, therefore reducing the
risk of unauthorized access.
A network technician is asked by their manager to update security to block several known bad
actor IP addresses.
A - Signature rules
B - Firewall rules
C - Behavior rules
D - Data loss prevention (DLP) rules - Answer B - Firewall rules
Firewall rules can be set up to deny traffic coming from known malicious IP addresses.
On a shopping website, there is a 500-millisecond delay when the authorized payment button is
selected for purchases. Attackers have been running a script to alter the final payment that
takes 200 milliseconds. Which vulnerability on the website is being targeted by the attackers?
A - Buffer Overflow
B - Integer Overflow
C - Broken Authentication
D - Race Condition - Answer D - Race Condition
A race condition occurs when multiple processes or actions are executed simultaneously, and
the outcome depends on the sequence or timing of events.
A company wants to provide laptops to its employees so they can work remotely. What should
be implemented to ensure only work applications can be installed on company laptops?
A - Containerization
B - Token-based access
C - Patch repository
D - Whitelisting - Answer D - Whitelisting
Whitelisting ensures that only approved applications can be installed and executed on company
laptops.
,What should a business use to provide non-repudiation for emails between employees?
A - TLS/SSL
B - AES-256
C - S/MIME
D - IPSec - Answer C - S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
S/MIME provides non-repudiation for emails by using digital signatures.
Which strategy is appropriate for a risk management team to determine if a business has
insufficient security controls?
A - Qualitative assessment
B - Gap assessment
C - Quantitative risk assessment
D - Impact assessment - Answer B - Gap assessment
A gap assessment identifies the gaps between the current security control and the desired or
required levels of security.
An organization has leased office space that is suitable for its computer equipment so personnel
and systems can be relocated if the main office location is unavailable. It currently has some
equipment. Which type of site is the organization using?
A - Cold site
B - Warm site
C - Hot site
D - Mobile site - Answer B - Warm site
A warm site is a disaster recovery site that provides a partially equipped facility that can be used
to restore critical operations faster than having no equipment at all.
A risk assessment consultant is discussing segmentation options with a client. What are a few
standard options the consultant could offer? Select the best 2 answers.
A - VLANs
B - Transmission Control
C - Physical
D - Access control lists - Answer A & C; VLANs & Physical
, A network device can perform segmentation logically, for example, implementing virtual local
area networks (VLANs). A system can bypass VLANs if an attacker gains access to a trunk port
where all VLANs can talk.
Physical segmentation is another type of segmentation more commonly found in industrial
control systems (ICS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) networks. This is
where, traditionally, there is an IT and OT (operational technology) network.
Transmission control is not a type of segmentation. Transmission control defines how a system
protects communication channels from infiltration, exploitation, and interception.
Access control lists (ACLs) are used to define permissions on a network, file, or object. While
they can restrict access to resources, they do not segment a network in the same way as VLANs
or physical segmentation.
A disaster recovery manager wants to perform a qualitative analysis on intangible assets but is
unsure how to perform the calculations. Which departments should the manager bring on to
help determine metrics? Select 3 answers.
A - Marketing
B - Sales
C - Human Resources
D - Communications - Answer A, B & D; Marketing, Sales, and Communications
Marketing is one of the departments that should help the manager with the metrics. Qualitative
risk assessment is well-suited to the analysis of intangible assets, for example, an organization's
reputation or brand image.
Sales is another department brought on to assist the manager with metrics. These groups are
best-suited to provide input based on their unique insights.
Communications is another department that can help the manager assess the value of many
intangible business assets and the impacts that various risk events can have on them.
The Human Resource department does not necessarily need to participate in an intangible
metric discussion.
A security analyst is performing a security assessment and is recommending ways to manage
risk relating to personnel. Which of the following should the analyst recommend? Select 3
answers.
A - Mandatory vacation
