Bio 200 Test 1 – Poulin with Complete
Solutions
What does evolution mean? - ANSWER-Change over time
conservation biology - ANSWER-The integrated study of ecology, evolutionary biology,
physiology, molecular biology, and genetics to sustain biological diversity at all levels
protoplanetary disk - ANSWER-a large rotating cloud of dust, rocks, and gas
what did the protoplanetary disk consist of? - ANSWER-it was composed of hydrogen
and helium, which composed from the Big Bang
Nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium led to what? - ANSWER-The formation of the
sun
what are time scales? - ANSWER-the history of the planet
precambrian supereon - ANSWER-4.6 bya - 543 mya
paleozoic era - ANSWER-543 mya - 250 mya
meszoic era - ANSWER-250 mya - 65 mya
cenzoic era - ANSWER-65 mya - now
hadean eon (hell eon) - ANSWER-oldest precambrian supereon, no ocean, no oxygen,
earth was bombarded by planetoids, which caused the planet to be fully molten
late hadeon - ANSWER-earth surface cools, but from bombardment we see cracks,
these cracks released steam and gases (volcanoes played a part too) , which formed an
atmosphere, then clouds were formed, which led to rain, which led to oceans
When did the hadean eon end? - ANSWER-Between 4.3 and 3.8 bya
unicellular organism - ANSWER-A single celled organism
Multicellular organisms - ANSWER-Organism made up of many cells
Cyanobacterial mats / stromatolites - ANSWER-Community consisting of photosynthetic
cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms that also fix nitrogen. They form layers/columns
,Bacterial fossils is associated with? - ANSWER-Cyanobacterial mats
Archean fossils - ANSWER-both representatives of the major branches of the tree of
life, the bacteria and the archea
early multicellular organisms - ANSWER-a billion years ago multicellular organisms
arises, paleontologists set the appearance of multicellular organism when they see hard
shell life
The Paleozoic Era - ANSWER-543-250 mya, hard shell organisms, trilobites very
common, arcaeocyathids, sees first land plants and animals
What did the Paleozoic era end with? - ANSWER-The permian, 96% of all life forms go
extinct, 70% terrestrial vertebrates go extinct, only known mass extinction of insects
The Cambrian explosions - ANSWER-the rapid appearance of most major animal phyla,
probably not such a big bang
The Mesozoic Era - ANSWER-Age of reptiles, 250-65 mya, mammals first seen 200M
years ago
What did the Mesozoic Era end with? - ANSWER-It ended with the K-T extinction
K-T boundary - ANSWER-layer of iridium-rich material between rocks of the Cretaceous
period and rocks of the Paleogene period that provides evidence of a meteorite impact
The cenozoic era - ANSWER-Age of mammals, 65 MYA to now, appearance of first
humans
Geologic clocks - ANSWER-Helps us visualize the passage of time, the formation of
earth like a 12 hour clock
Panspermia - ANSWER-a theory that life did not originate on Earth but arrived in the
form of bacterial spores or viruses from an extraterrestrial source
What is life? - ANSWER-It has two characteristics: organized & replicates itself.
What was earth like 3.8 bya? - ANSWER-it was molten rock, no free oxygen, high
energy environment
What was the first step to forming life? - ANSWER-Abiotic synthesis of organic
materials (organic chemical compounds):
Miller-Urey Experiment - ANSWER-Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition
of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They
, produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides) , within a
week: amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, lipids, ATP
What is step two to forming life? - ANSWER-Formation of Polymers: amino acids have
to become proteins, they need to become chains, they think clay may have formed
chains bc of positive charge
What is step three to forming life? - ANSWER-Formation of protobionts: made out of
hydrophilic lipid head, hydrophobic tails, they can form a lipid bilayer, or lipizome
What is part four to forming life? - ANSWER-Origin of hereditary material: the first life
probably existed in a RNA
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (1) - ANSWER-Easily forms abiotically
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (2) - ANSWER-Can replicate itself
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (3) - ANSWER-Has hereditary information
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (4) - ANSWER-Has catalytic properties
What are clues to the RNA world? - ANSWER-Viroids
How do things become living? - ANSWER-We have no idea
Morganucodon watsoni - ANSWER-inch long mammal who shared characteristics
similar to those of a weasel.meozoic era
Divine Creation - ANSWER-a supreme being created the earth, organisms function the
way the divine creator wants them to, species do not change
Anaximander - ANSWER-He believed all organisms came from common ancestors or
they had common descent, he also believed in transmission of species
transmutation of species - ANSWER-view that species can change and give rise to new
species
common descent - ANSWER-principle that all living things have a common ancestor
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) - ANSWER-He proposed a classification scheme for life
on Earth
bionomial nomenclature - ANSWER-a system to specify an organism by its genus and
species. every organism is given a scientific name consisting of two parts: its genus and
species names
Solutions
What does evolution mean? - ANSWER-Change over time
conservation biology - ANSWER-The integrated study of ecology, evolutionary biology,
physiology, molecular biology, and genetics to sustain biological diversity at all levels
protoplanetary disk - ANSWER-a large rotating cloud of dust, rocks, and gas
what did the protoplanetary disk consist of? - ANSWER-it was composed of hydrogen
and helium, which composed from the Big Bang
Nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium led to what? - ANSWER-The formation of the
sun
what are time scales? - ANSWER-the history of the planet
precambrian supereon - ANSWER-4.6 bya - 543 mya
paleozoic era - ANSWER-543 mya - 250 mya
meszoic era - ANSWER-250 mya - 65 mya
cenzoic era - ANSWER-65 mya - now
hadean eon (hell eon) - ANSWER-oldest precambrian supereon, no ocean, no oxygen,
earth was bombarded by planetoids, which caused the planet to be fully molten
late hadeon - ANSWER-earth surface cools, but from bombardment we see cracks,
these cracks released steam and gases (volcanoes played a part too) , which formed an
atmosphere, then clouds were formed, which led to rain, which led to oceans
When did the hadean eon end? - ANSWER-Between 4.3 and 3.8 bya
unicellular organism - ANSWER-A single celled organism
Multicellular organisms - ANSWER-Organism made up of many cells
Cyanobacterial mats / stromatolites - ANSWER-Community consisting of photosynthetic
cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms that also fix nitrogen. They form layers/columns
,Bacterial fossils is associated with? - ANSWER-Cyanobacterial mats
Archean fossils - ANSWER-both representatives of the major branches of the tree of
life, the bacteria and the archea
early multicellular organisms - ANSWER-a billion years ago multicellular organisms
arises, paleontologists set the appearance of multicellular organism when they see hard
shell life
The Paleozoic Era - ANSWER-543-250 mya, hard shell organisms, trilobites very
common, arcaeocyathids, sees first land plants and animals
What did the Paleozoic era end with? - ANSWER-The permian, 96% of all life forms go
extinct, 70% terrestrial vertebrates go extinct, only known mass extinction of insects
The Cambrian explosions - ANSWER-the rapid appearance of most major animal phyla,
probably not such a big bang
The Mesozoic Era - ANSWER-Age of reptiles, 250-65 mya, mammals first seen 200M
years ago
What did the Mesozoic Era end with? - ANSWER-It ended with the K-T extinction
K-T boundary - ANSWER-layer of iridium-rich material between rocks of the Cretaceous
period and rocks of the Paleogene period that provides evidence of a meteorite impact
The cenozoic era - ANSWER-Age of mammals, 65 MYA to now, appearance of first
humans
Geologic clocks - ANSWER-Helps us visualize the passage of time, the formation of
earth like a 12 hour clock
Panspermia - ANSWER-a theory that life did not originate on Earth but arrived in the
form of bacterial spores or viruses from an extraterrestrial source
What is life? - ANSWER-It has two characteristics: organized & replicates itself.
What was earth like 3.8 bya? - ANSWER-it was molten rock, no free oxygen, high
energy environment
What was the first step to forming life? - ANSWER-Abiotic synthesis of organic
materials (organic chemical compounds):
Miller-Urey Experiment - ANSWER-Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition
of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They
, produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides) , within a
week: amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, lipids, ATP
What is step two to forming life? - ANSWER-Formation of Polymers: amino acids have
to become proteins, they need to become chains, they think clay may have formed
chains bc of positive charge
What is step three to forming life? - ANSWER-Formation of protobionts: made out of
hydrophilic lipid head, hydrophobic tails, they can form a lipid bilayer, or lipizome
What is part four to forming life? - ANSWER-Origin of hereditary material: the first life
probably existed in a RNA
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (1) - ANSWER-Easily forms abiotically
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (2) - ANSWER-Can replicate itself
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (3) - ANSWER-Has hereditary information
Why was the first life in an RNA world? (4) - ANSWER-Has catalytic properties
What are clues to the RNA world? - ANSWER-Viroids
How do things become living? - ANSWER-We have no idea
Morganucodon watsoni - ANSWER-inch long mammal who shared characteristics
similar to those of a weasel.meozoic era
Divine Creation - ANSWER-a supreme being created the earth, organisms function the
way the divine creator wants them to, species do not change
Anaximander - ANSWER-He believed all organisms came from common ancestors or
they had common descent, he also believed in transmission of species
transmutation of species - ANSWER-view that species can change and give rise to new
species
common descent - ANSWER-principle that all living things have a common ancestor
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) - ANSWER-He proposed a classification scheme for life
on Earth
bionomial nomenclature - ANSWER-a system to specify an organism by its genus and
species. every organism is given a scientific name consisting of two parts: its genus and
species names
