BIO 200 Exam 4 Questions with
Verified Solutions
differentiation - ANSWER-The process by which cells take on different specialized roles.
all fates possible (stem cell) -> mitosis -> signal -> construction -> role determination
(different gene expression)
cell-cell signaling causes different sets of transcription cfactors to be produced in
carious cells throughout the embryo resulting in differential gene expression and
differentiation.
fluid filled interior space, indentation forms on outer surface and becomes blastopore.
Cells from surface fold into the interior of the embryo through the blastopore. Forms a
tube that will become the diegestive tract. The movement forms 3 layers (endoderm,
mesoderm, and ectoderm)
ectoderm - ANSWER-froms the outer covering of the body
nervous system
mesoderm - ANSWER-muscle, internal organs, connective tissues, bone and cartilage
endoderm - ANSWER-inner lining of digestive tract, th gut, liver and lungs
setting the axis of the embryo - ANSWER-the region where cells first move into the
blastopore defies the dorsal/back of the embryo
axis are determined by cytoplasmic determinants or through cell-cell
interaction/induction
*differential gene expression
gametogenesis - ANSWER-occurs in response to environmental cues that indicate
breeding is favorable
chemical signals cordinate gamete release
sperm competition/second male advantage - ANSWER-competition between sperm
from different males to fertilize the eggs of the same female
, whichever male was last to copulate fathered most of the offspring
sperm of the second male can physically dislodge the other sper,
females can eject sperm from their reproductive tracts
how do sperm find eggs and fertilize them? - ANSWER-drawn in by chemical gradient
head of sperm binds to jelly layer
binding releases the acrosome contents
enzymes in the acrosome digest the jelly layer
sperrm digests jelly until it comes in contact with the plasma membrane of the egg and
proteins fuse them
spem nucleus enters the egg, nuclei fuse and fertilization is complete
** as sperm move up the concentration gradient they have directed movement for a
short time each time them come in contact with a ligand. (actin filaments help move the
sperm to the membrane of the oocyte)
preventing polyspermy - ANSWER-depolarization of the egg's plasma membrane, and a
physical barrier= entry of sperm causes Ca2+ to be released from storage cotrical
granules take Ca2+ to the plasma membrane and also include proteases that digest the
receptors for sperm.
the gradient created also keeps sperm out. (osmosis)
corticle granules also contain carbohydrates.
ovoviviparous - ANSWER-offspring develop inside of the mother's body but are
nourished by a yolk stored in the egg.
oviparous - ANSWER-deposit eggs into environment
from single cell to multicellular individuals - ANSWER-cells:
divide
signal to one another
begin to differentiate
moce, expand, contract in specific directions
Verified Solutions
differentiation - ANSWER-The process by which cells take on different specialized roles.
all fates possible (stem cell) -> mitosis -> signal -> construction -> role determination
(different gene expression)
cell-cell signaling causes different sets of transcription cfactors to be produced in
carious cells throughout the embryo resulting in differential gene expression and
differentiation.
fluid filled interior space, indentation forms on outer surface and becomes blastopore.
Cells from surface fold into the interior of the embryo through the blastopore. Forms a
tube that will become the diegestive tract. The movement forms 3 layers (endoderm,
mesoderm, and ectoderm)
ectoderm - ANSWER-froms the outer covering of the body
nervous system
mesoderm - ANSWER-muscle, internal organs, connective tissues, bone and cartilage
endoderm - ANSWER-inner lining of digestive tract, th gut, liver and lungs
setting the axis of the embryo - ANSWER-the region where cells first move into the
blastopore defies the dorsal/back of the embryo
axis are determined by cytoplasmic determinants or through cell-cell
interaction/induction
*differential gene expression
gametogenesis - ANSWER-occurs in response to environmental cues that indicate
breeding is favorable
chemical signals cordinate gamete release
sperm competition/second male advantage - ANSWER-competition between sperm
from different males to fertilize the eggs of the same female
, whichever male was last to copulate fathered most of the offspring
sperm of the second male can physically dislodge the other sper,
females can eject sperm from their reproductive tracts
how do sperm find eggs and fertilize them? - ANSWER-drawn in by chemical gradient
head of sperm binds to jelly layer
binding releases the acrosome contents
enzymes in the acrosome digest the jelly layer
sperrm digests jelly until it comes in contact with the plasma membrane of the egg and
proteins fuse them
spem nucleus enters the egg, nuclei fuse and fertilization is complete
** as sperm move up the concentration gradient they have directed movement for a
short time each time them come in contact with a ligand. (actin filaments help move the
sperm to the membrane of the oocyte)
preventing polyspermy - ANSWER-depolarization of the egg's plasma membrane, and a
physical barrier= entry of sperm causes Ca2+ to be released from storage cotrical
granules take Ca2+ to the plasma membrane and also include proteases that digest the
receptors for sperm.
the gradient created also keeps sperm out. (osmosis)
corticle granules also contain carbohydrates.
ovoviviparous - ANSWER-offspring develop inside of the mother's body but are
nourished by a yolk stored in the egg.
oviparous - ANSWER-deposit eggs into environment
from single cell to multicellular individuals - ANSWER-cells:
divide
signal to one another
begin to differentiate
moce, expand, contract in specific directions
