Physical therapy Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
When to refer to PT -Pre and post-op
-For routine care- pts who are in pain or
have
functional limitations
Passive vs Active vs Functional Passive - PT/equipment move the joint
ROM through
ROM with no effort from the pt
Active - pt can actively move a joint using
adjacent
muscles
--> active assistive ROM - movement
around the
joint with some manual assistance from
strap/PT
Functional - what's needed vs doing it in
an activity
ROM normal values DF - 20'; PF - 50'
FF inversion-35', eversion-15'
RF inversion-5', eversion-5'
1st MTPJ extension-70', flexion 45'
2nd-5th MTPJ extension-40', flexion-40'
,Functional ROM test of DF vs PF DF
-WB lunge test = bring knee to wall with
heel on
the ground --> measure the furthest
distance back
they go
-normal=10+cm
-stiff <9-10cm
PF
-full PF onto toes
-kneeling sit-back on heels
-check symmetry in both cases
Functional strength testing Uni and Bilateral calf raise
Jog in place
Skipping
Unilateral hopping
Step up/down
Hop to a step
Look for strength, mechanics, power, and
eccentric
loading
, Proprioception body's ability to know where you are in
space
-tested with eyes open vs closed --> time
decreases from 30 seconds to 14 seconds
as you
get older
Training - 4wk dynamic balance program.
Stand on
something soft, look around, close eyes
--> star
drill (tap heels, stand to the side), play
catch, hop
and catch balance
-also use Y balance
Gait evaluation -Consider spine, pelvis, hips, knees,
ankles, feet
-6 determinants of gait (pelvic rotation in
vertical
axis, pelvic obliquity, knee flexion in
stance, ankle
mechanism, foot mechanism, lateral
displacement
of body)
-Look in frontal, sagittal, transverse planes
Common causes of aberrant -decreased gluteus maximus
motion (trendelenburg) and
and their presentations medius (genu valgum, ITBS)
-LLD (genu valgus)
-decreased hip flexor length
-abnormal thoracic and lumbar spine ROM
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
When to refer to PT -Pre and post-op
-For routine care- pts who are in pain or
have
functional limitations
Passive vs Active vs Functional Passive - PT/equipment move the joint
ROM through
ROM with no effort from the pt
Active - pt can actively move a joint using
adjacent
muscles
--> active assistive ROM - movement
around the
joint with some manual assistance from
strap/PT
Functional - what's needed vs doing it in
an activity
ROM normal values DF - 20'; PF - 50'
FF inversion-35', eversion-15'
RF inversion-5', eversion-5'
1st MTPJ extension-70', flexion 45'
2nd-5th MTPJ extension-40', flexion-40'
,Functional ROM test of DF vs PF DF
-WB lunge test = bring knee to wall with
heel on
the ground --> measure the furthest
distance back
they go
-normal=10+cm
-stiff <9-10cm
PF
-full PF onto toes
-kneeling sit-back on heels
-check symmetry in both cases
Functional strength testing Uni and Bilateral calf raise
Jog in place
Skipping
Unilateral hopping
Step up/down
Hop to a step
Look for strength, mechanics, power, and
eccentric
loading
, Proprioception body's ability to know where you are in
space
-tested with eyes open vs closed --> time
decreases from 30 seconds to 14 seconds
as you
get older
Training - 4wk dynamic balance program.
Stand on
something soft, look around, close eyes
--> star
drill (tap heels, stand to the side), play
catch, hop
and catch balance
-also use Y balance
Gait evaluation -Consider spine, pelvis, hips, knees,
ankles, feet
-6 determinants of gait (pelvic rotation in
vertical
axis, pelvic obliquity, knee flexion in
stance, ankle
mechanism, foot mechanism, lateral
displacement
of body)
-Look in frontal, sagittal, transverse planes
Common causes of aberrant -decreased gluteus maximus
motion (trendelenburg) and
and their presentations medius (genu valgum, ITBS)
-LLD (genu valgus)
-decreased hip flexor length
-abnormal thoracic and lumbar spine ROM
