HESI Pharmacology V1 Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes
|| || || || || || || || || ||
that the client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
should the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed to the
|| || || || || || || || || ||
client?1. Calcium chloride
|| || ||
2. Calcium gluconate
|| ||
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
|| ||
4. Large doses of vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-3. Calcitonin
|| || || || || || || || ||
(Miacalcin)
||
Rationale: ||
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
experiencing hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride
|| || || || || || ||
are medications used for the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large doses of
|| || || || || || || || ||
vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone,
|| || || || || || || || || ||
decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption
|| || || || || || || || ||
and lowering the serum calcium concentration.
|| || || || || ||
,Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron
|| || || || || || || || || ||
deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the
|| || || || || || || || || ||
iron with which best food item?
|| || || || || ||
1. Milk
||
2. Water
||
3. Apple juice
|| ||
4. Orange juice - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-4. Orange juice
|| || || || || || ||
Rationale: ||
Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
should be instructed to administer the medication with a citrus fruit
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect absorption of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
greater amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
|| || || || || || || ||
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from this
|| || || || || || || || ||
medication?
||
1. Tinnitus
||
2. Diarrhea
|| ||
3. Constipation
|| ||
4. Decreased Respirations - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Tinnitus
|| || || || || ||
,Rationale: ||
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic
|| || || || || || || || ||
toxicity (salicylism) can result. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness,
|| || || || || || || ||
hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation and
|| || || || || ||
diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
|| || || || || ||
The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
they have applied sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that
|| || || || || || || || || ||
chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied:
|| || || || || || ||
1. Immediately before swimming
|| || ||
2. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
|| || || || || || ||
3. Immediately before exposure to the sun
|| || || || || ||
4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun - CORRECT
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
ANSWER✔✔-4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Rationale: ||
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes
|| || || || || || || || ||
before exposure to the sun so that they can penetrate the skin. All
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or sweating
|| || || || || || || ||
Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a
|| || || || || || || || ||
burn injury. When applying the medication, the client complains of
|| || || || || || || || || ||
, local discomfort and burning. Which of the following is the most
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
appropriate nursing action?
|| || ||
1. Notifying the registered nurse
|| || || ||
2. Discontinuing the medication
|| || ||
3. Informing the client that this is normal
|| || || || || || ||
4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site -
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-3. Informing the client that this is normal
|| || || || || || || || ||
Rationale: ||
Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-
|| || || || || || ||
positive organisms and is used to treat burns to reduce bacteria
|| || || || || || || || || ||
present in avascular tissues. The client should be informed that the
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
medication will cause local discomfort and burning and that this is a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
normal reaction; therefore options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect
|| || || || || || || || || ||
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate
|| || || || || || || || ||
(Sulfamylon) to the site of injury. The nurse monitors the client,
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
knowing that which of the following indicates that a systemic effect
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
has occurred?1.Hyperventilation
|| ||
2.Elevated blood pressure || || ||
3.Local pain at the burn site
|| || || || || ||
4.Local rash at the burn site - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
|| || || || || || || ||
1.Hyperventilation
With Correct Answers
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes
|| || || || || || || || || ||
that the client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
should the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed to the
|| || || || || || || || || ||
client?1. Calcium chloride
|| || ||
2. Calcium gluconate
|| ||
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
|| ||
4. Large doses of vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-3. Calcitonin
|| || || || || || || || ||
(Miacalcin)
||
Rationale: ||
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
experiencing hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride
|| || || || || || ||
are medications used for the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large doses of
|| || || || || || || || ||
vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone,
|| || || || || || || || || ||
decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption
|| || || || || || || || ||
and lowering the serum calcium concentration.
|| || || || || ||
,Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron
|| || || || || || || || || ||
deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the
|| || || || || || || || || ||
iron with which best food item?
|| || || || || ||
1. Milk
||
2. Water
||
3. Apple juice
|| ||
4. Orange juice - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-4. Orange juice
|| || || || || || ||
Rationale: ||
Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
should be instructed to administer the medication with a citrus fruit
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect absorption of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
greater amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
|| || || || || || || ||
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from this
|| || || || || || || || ||
medication?
||
1. Tinnitus
||
2. Diarrhea
|| ||
3. Constipation
|| ||
4. Decreased Respirations - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Tinnitus
|| || || || || ||
,Rationale: ||
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic
|| || || || || || || || ||
toxicity (salicylism) can result. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness,
|| || || || || || || ||
hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation and
|| || || || || ||
diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
|| || || || || ||
The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
they have applied sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that
|| || || || || || || || || ||
chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied:
|| || || || || || ||
1. Immediately before swimming
|| || ||
2. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
|| || || || || || ||
3. Immediately before exposure to the sun
|| || || || || ||
4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun - CORRECT
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
ANSWER✔✔-4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Rationale: ||
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes
|| || || || || || || || ||
before exposure to the sun so that they can penetrate the skin. All
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or sweating
|| || || || || || || ||
Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a
|| || || || || || || || ||
burn injury. When applying the medication, the client complains of
|| || || || || || || || || ||
, local discomfort and burning. Which of the following is the most
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
appropriate nursing action?
|| || ||
1. Notifying the registered nurse
|| || || ||
2. Discontinuing the medication
|| || ||
3. Informing the client that this is normal
|| || || || || || ||
4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site -
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-3. Informing the client that this is normal
|| || || || || || || || ||
Rationale: ||
Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-
|| || || || || || ||
positive organisms and is used to treat burns to reduce bacteria
|| || || || || || || || || ||
present in avascular tissues. The client should be informed that the
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
medication will cause local discomfort and burning and that this is a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
normal reaction; therefore options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect
|| || || || || || || || || ||
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate
|| || || || || || || || ||
(Sulfamylon) to the site of injury. The nurse monitors the client,
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
knowing that which of the following indicates that a systemic effect
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
has occurred?1.Hyperventilation
|| ||
2.Elevated blood pressure || || ||
3.Local pain at the burn site
|| || || || || ||
4.Local rash at the burn site - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
|| || || || || || || ||
1.Hyperventilation
