ALHS 1011 ESSENTIALS - CHAPTER 6 QUESTIONSWITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

ALHS 1011 ESSENTIALS - CHAPTER 6 QUESTIONSWITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Adduction - Answers Moves closer to the midline Abduction - Answers Moves away from the midline Flexion - Answers Decreases the angle of a joint Extension - Answers Increases the angle of a joint Rotation - Answers Moves a bone around its own axis Pronation - Answers Turns the palm down Supination - Answers Turns the palm up Inversion - Answers Moves the sole of the foot inward Eversion - Answers Moves the sole of foot outward Dorsiflexion - Answers Elevates the foot Plantar flexion - Answers Lowers the foot (points the toes) Circumduction - Answers Moves in a circle Hyperextension - Answers Head tilts backwards Opposition - Answers Thumb touches fingers Special Characteristics of Muscles - Answers Excitability, Contractility, Extensibility, Elasticity Muscle Functions - Answers Produce Movement, Maintain Posture and Body Position, Stabilize Joints, Generating Heat, Protect Internal Organs skeletal muscle - Answers attach to and cover the bony skeleton, longest muscle cells, have striations, voluntary, responsible for body mobility smooth muscle - Answers found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, elongated fibers with no striation, involuntary. striated muscle - Answers striped appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscle when viewed under a microscope epimysium - Answers dense irregular connective tissue that surround the whole muscle perimysium - Answers fibrous connective tissue that covers the fasicle fasicle - Answers a group of muscle fibers covered by perimysium endomysium - Answers connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber (cell) sarcolemma - Answers plasma membrane of a muscle fiber (cell). myofibrils - Answers rodlike bundle of contractile filaments (myofilaments) found in muscle fibers muscle fibers - Answers A cylindrical, multinucleate cell composed of numerous myofibrils that contracts when stimulated. sarcomere - Answers The segment of a myofibril between two adjacent Z lines, the smallest contractile unit of a muscle myofilaments - Answers filament that constitutes myofibrils. Comprised of two types: actin (thin) and myosin (thick) Sliding Filament theory - Answers during contraction the thin filaments slide past the thick ones so that the actin and myosin filaments overlap to a greater degree. tendon - Answers cord-like structures that attach muscle to bone aponeuroses - Answers sheetlike structures that attach muscles indirectly to bones, cartilages, or connective tissue coverings cardiac muscle - Answers found only in the heart, striations, branching cells, intercalated discs, involuntary Compresssion fracture - Answers Fracture where bone is crushed Closed (simple fracture) - Answers Fracture where the bone does not break the skin Spiral fracture - Answers Ragged break when excessive twisting force is applied to the bone Greenstick fracture - Answers Partial fracture of a bone (usually in children) Open (compound fracture) - Answers Break in the bone where the bone comes through the skin Depressed fracture - Answers Broken bone portion is pressed inward Impacted - Answers Broken bone ends are forced into each other Ligament - Answers fibrous cord that binds the bones together at joints Joint function - Answers gives the body flexibility and allow movement Fibrous joint - Answers an immovable joint (especially between the bones of the skull) Cartilaginous joint - Answers two bones are linked by cartilage Synovial joint - Answers a freely movable joint Hinge joint - Answers is found at the elbow, knee, ankle, and fingers, allows a joint to bend and straighten promoting rotation Pivot joint - Answers freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation, ex. atlas-axis of the neck Condyloid joint - Answers one joint surface is convex and the other is concave, ex. knuckles Saddle joint - Answers type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation Ball-and-socket joint - Answers spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket in another; i.e. shoulder Articulation - Answers another word for joint Axial Skeleton - Answers The bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body Appendicular Skeleton - Answers The bones of the limbs and the girdles Skeletal system components - Answers Bones, ligaments, joints and cartilages Functions of the bones - Answers Support Protection Movement Storage Hematopoiesis