BI 311 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027 |
COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
True or False: All microbes are microscopic - correct answer ✔✔False
In addition to usually being small, microorganisms are relatively simple in ______ and typically
lack _________ and _________. - correct answer ✔✔construction, highly differentiated cells,
distinct tissues
Studying Microbiology: ________ are concerned with individual groups of microbes: physiology,
genetics, ecology, and taxonomy - correct answer ✔✔basic aspects
Studying Microbiology: _________ are concerned with practical problems - disease ,water, food,
and industrial microbiology - correct answer ✔✔applied aspects
I study the relationships of organisms with their environment - correct answer ✔✔microbial
ecology
Who discovered microorganisms? - correct answer ✔✔Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Who was the first person not accurately observe and describe single-celled microorgansims? -
correct answer ✔✔antony van Leeuwenhoek
True or False: The vast majority of diversity of life on earth is microbial - correct answer ✔✔True
True or False: More than 1% of all microbial species are cultural. - correct answer ✔✔False (less
than 1% are)
,I am a basic cell with a nuclear envelope - correct answer ✔✔eukaryote
I am a basic cell without a nuclear envelope - correct answer ✔✔prokaryote
True or False: We use the organelles to distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. -
correct answer ✔✔False
What are the 4 types of free living microbes? - correct answer ✔✔bacteria/archea, fungi,
protozoa, algae
Of the 4 major types of microbes, which have a nuclear membrane? (3) - correct answer
✔✔fungi, protozoa, algae
List the size of the 4 major microbes in size from smallest to largest. - correct answer
✔✔bacteria/archea, fungi, protozoa, algae
I am prokaryotic, small, and usually 100 to 100,000 times smaller than eukaryotes in volume -
correct answer ✔✔bacteria/archea
Why do prokaryotes have a very thick outer cell envelope in comparison to eukaryotes? -
correct answer ✔✔needs more protection (maintains solute potential within the cell, most
prokaryotes live n extreme environments, without rigid cell walls they wouldn't survive)
Do eukaryotes or prokaryotes have thicker outer cell envelopes? - correct answer
✔✔prokaryotes
I have a thicker outer envelope. I am morphologically simple, metabolically complex. I typically
only have 1 or 2 chromosomes. I use asexual reproduction by binary fission - correct answer
✔✔prokaryotes
,How many chromosomes do prokaryotes usually have? - correct answer ✔✔1-2
Where is the real variation in the prokaryotic domain? - correct answer ✔✔metabolism
Extremely rapid reproduction that allows fro high evolvability. Used in prokaryotes.
Consequence of this is drug resistance. - correct answer ✔✔binary fission
What is a consequence of prokaryotic binary fission? - correct answer ✔✔drug resistance
Generated using genes that code for ribosomes and how different the sequences are in that
gene among organisms across the ___________. - correct answer ✔✔tree of life
What are the 3 domains of life? - correct answer ✔✔bacteria, archea, eukarya
In the three domains of life, what 2 branches from the common ancestor lead to prokaryotes? -
correct answer ✔✔bacteria, archea
In the 3 domains of life eukarya leads to what 4 things what lead to eukaryotes? - correct
answer ✔✔algae and plants, fungi and animal, protists
What is the major difference between bacteria and archeas? - correct answer ✔✔cell wall
composition (bacteria have peptidoglycan and arches have many different chemistries)
Bacteria have _________ walls. - correct answer ✔✔peptidoglycan
I am the target of antibiotics - correct answer ✔✔bacteria
, True or False: Antibiotics work on archea - correct answer ✔✔False
True or False: Archea break down glucose to glucanate without phosphorylation so they do not
generate ATP - correct answer ✔✔True
What is the difference in cytoplasmic membranes between archea and bacteria? - correct
answer ✔✔bacteria have phospholipid bilayer with ester bonds. Archea membrane allows lipids
to lock into each other so they don't move (why arches can withstand high temps)
Prokaryotic Cytoplasmic Membranes: Phospholipid bilayer with ester bonds. - correct answer
✔✔bacteria
Prokaryotic Cytoplasmic Membranes: Partial monolayer, different phosphate lipid link,
consistent methyl groups - correct answer ✔✔archea
Do bacteria or archea have a higher temperature growth limit? - correct answer ✔✔archea
Do bacteria or archea degrade complex carbon polymers? - correct answer ✔✔bacteria
Do bacteria or arches produce methane? - correct answer ✔✔archea (methanogens)
True or False: Archea are known to cause human disease - correct answer ✔✔false
What kinds of carbon can arches degrade? - correct answer ✔✔simple
True or False: Archea can cause animal disease - correct answer ✔✔False
COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
True or False: All microbes are microscopic - correct answer ✔✔False
In addition to usually being small, microorganisms are relatively simple in ______ and typically
lack _________ and _________. - correct answer ✔✔construction, highly differentiated cells,
distinct tissues
Studying Microbiology: ________ are concerned with individual groups of microbes: physiology,
genetics, ecology, and taxonomy - correct answer ✔✔basic aspects
Studying Microbiology: _________ are concerned with practical problems - disease ,water, food,
and industrial microbiology - correct answer ✔✔applied aspects
I study the relationships of organisms with their environment - correct answer ✔✔microbial
ecology
Who discovered microorganisms? - correct answer ✔✔Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Who was the first person not accurately observe and describe single-celled microorgansims? -
correct answer ✔✔antony van Leeuwenhoek
True or False: The vast majority of diversity of life on earth is microbial - correct answer ✔✔True
True or False: More than 1% of all microbial species are cultural. - correct answer ✔✔False (less
than 1% are)
,I am a basic cell with a nuclear envelope - correct answer ✔✔eukaryote
I am a basic cell without a nuclear envelope - correct answer ✔✔prokaryote
True or False: We use the organelles to distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. -
correct answer ✔✔False
What are the 4 types of free living microbes? - correct answer ✔✔bacteria/archea, fungi,
protozoa, algae
Of the 4 major types of microbes, which have a nuclear membrane? (3) - correct answer
✔✔fungi, protozoa, algae
List the size of the 4 major microbes in size from smallest to largest. - correct answer
✔✔bacteria/archea, fungi, protozoa, algae
I am prokaryotic, small, and usually 100 to 100,000 times smaller than eukaryotes in volume -
correct answer ✔✔bacteria/archea
Why do prokaryotes have a very thick outer cell envelope in comparison to eukaryotes? -
correct answer ✔✔needs more protection (maintains solute potential within the cell, most
prokaryotes live n extreme environments, without rigid cell walls they wouldn't survive)
Do eukaryotes or prokaryotes have thicker outer cell envelopes? - correct answer
✔✔prokaryotes
I have a thicker outer envelope. I am morphologically simple, metabolically complex. I typically
only have 1 or 2 chromosomes. I use asexual reproduction by binary fission - correct answer
✔✔prokaryotes
,How many chromosomes do prokaryotes usually have? - correct answer ✔✔1-2
Where is the real variation in the prokaryotic domain? - correct answer ✔✔metabolism
Extremely rapid reproduction that allows fro high evolvability. Used in prokaryotes.
Consequence of this is drug resistance. - correct answer ✔✔binary fission
What is a consequence of prokaryotic binary fission? - correct answer ✔✔drug resistance
Generated using genes that code for ribosomes and how different the sequences are in that
gene among organisms across the ___________. - correct answer ✔✔tree of life
What are the 3 domains of life? - correct answer ✔✔bacteria, archea, eukarya
In the three domains of life, what 2 branches from the common ancestor lead to prokaryotes? -
correct answer ✔✔bacteria, archea
In the 3 domains of life eukarya leads to what 4 things what lead to eukaryotes? - correct
answer ✔✔algae and plants, fungi and animal, protists
What is the major difference between bacteria and archeas? - correct answer ✔✔cell wall
composition (bacteria have peptidoglycan and arches have many different chemistries)
Bacteria have _________ walls. - correct answer ✔✔peptidoglycan
I am the target of antibiotics - correct answer ✔✔bacteria
, True or False: Antibiotics work on archea - correct answer ✔✔False
True or False: Archea break down glucose to glucanate without phosphorylation so they do not
generate ATP - correct answer ✔✔True
What is the difference in cytoplasmic membranes between archea and bacteria? - correct
answer ✔✔bacteria have phospholipid bilayer with ester bonds. Archea membrane allows lipids
to lock into each other so they don't move (why arches can withstand high temps)
Prokaryotic Cytoplasmic Membranes: Phospholipid bilayer with ester bonds. - correct answer
✔✔bacteria
Prokaryotic Cytoplasmic Membranes: Partial monolayer, different phosphate lipid link,
consistent methyl groups - correct answer ✔✔archea
Do bacteria or archea have a higher temperature growth limit? - correct answer ✔✔archea
Do bacteria or archea degrade complex carbon polymers? - correct answer ✔✔bacteria
Do bacteria or arches produce methane? - correct answer ✔✔archea (methanogens)
True or False: Archea are known to cause human disease - correct answer ✔✔false
What kinds of carbon can arches degrade? - correct answer ✔✔simple
True or False: Archea can cause animal disease - correct answer ✔✔False
