SLHS 1150 Midterm Review
Communication Model - Answer A model of typical communication: sender to shared
modality to receiver (modality may include speaking, reading, etc.)
Modality - Answer The manner or method by which information is transmitted or received
Modality Examples - Answer Speech, sign language, reading, writing, gestures, pictures,
electronic communication
Paralinguistic Feedback - Answer Indirect ways of communicating - eye contact, facial
expressions, posture, manipulating linguistic feedback with changes in pitch, loudness or
pausing
Process of Typical Communication - Answer Formulation (coordinating a message; language),
Transmission (conveying a message; speech), Reception (receiving a message; hearing),
Comprehension (making sense of a message; language)
Principles of Effective Communication - Answer Quantity: ability to give just the right amount
of information
Quality: expected to be accurate and truthful
Relevance: ability to maintain topic at hand
Manner: ability to speak at appropriate pace, tone, loudness using acceptable pauses and eye
contact
Impairment - Answer Deviation from normal status in mental or physical structure or
function
Activity Limitation - Answer Restriction in a life task
Participation Restriction - Answer Failure to participate in the task at all, due to the limitation
Language - Answer A socially shared code that uses conventional system of arbitrary symbols,
including words and sounds, to represent ideas about the world to others
Three Domains of Language - Answer Content: meaning (semantics)
Form: how sounds, words, and sentences are arranged to convey context (syntax, morphology,
phonology)
, Use: how language is used functionally to meet personal and social needs (pragmatics)
Semantics/Lexicon - Answer The rules governing meaning of individual words and word
combinations
Syntax - Answer The rules governing internal organization of sentences (grammar)
Morphology - Answer The rules governing internal organization of words
Phonology - Answer The phonemes (unit of sound) within the words
Pragmatics - Answer The appropriate use of language in different contexts
Four Speech Systems - Answer Respiration: diaphragm, lungs, trachea
Phonation: epiglottis, larynx
Articulation: hard palate, lips, teeth, tongue
Resonance: velum (soft palate), nasal cavity
Code Switching - Answer Switching back and forth between one linguistic variant and
another depending on the cultural context (speaking to your boss vs your friend)
Communicative Competence - Answer The knowledge and implicit awareness that speakers
of a language have and use to communicate effectively in that language (knowing how, where,
when, and with whom to speak)
Joint Reference and Attention - Answer A stage in infancy in which two people share an
interest and there is an understanding between the two people that they are both interested in
the object (nonverbally)
Milestones in Infancy - Answer 0-2 months: reflexive crying and vegetative sounds
2-4 months: cooing and gooing, laughter
4-6 months: voice play, expansion stage
6+ months: babbling and emergence of intentionality
10+ months: jargon
12+ months: use of symbols (words and gestures)
Communication Model - Answer A model of typical communication: sender to shared
modality to receiver (modality may include speaking, reading, etc.)
Modality - Answer The manner or method by which information is transmitted or received
Modality Examples - Answer Speech, sign language, reading, writing, gestures, pictures,
electronic communication
Paralinguistic Feedback - Answer Indirect ways of communicating - eye contact, facial
expressions, posture, manipulating linguistic feedback with changes in pitch, loudness or
pausing
Process of Typical Communication - Answer Formulation (coordinating a message; language),
Transmission (conveying a message; speech), Reception (receiving a message; hearing),
Comprehension (making sense of a message; language)
Principles of Effective Communication - Answer Quantity: ability to give just the right amount
of information
Quality: expected to be accurate and truthful
Relevance: ability to maintain topic at hand
Manner: ability to speak at appropriate pace, tone, loudness using acceptable pauses and eye
contact
Impairment - Answer Deviation from normal status in mental or physical structure or
function
Activity Limitation - Answer Restriction in a life task
Participation Restriction - Answer Failure to participate in the task at all, due to the limitation
Language - Answer A socially shared code that uses conventional system of arbitrary symbols,
including words and sounds, to represent ideas about the world to others
Three Domains of Language - Answer Content: meaning (semantics)
Form: how sounds, words, and sentences are arranged to convey context (syntax, morphology,
phonology)
, Use: how language is used functionally to meet personal and social needs (pragmatics)
Semantics/Lexicon - Answer The rules governing meaning of individual words and word
combinations
Syntax - Answer The rules governing internal organization of sentences (grammar)
Morphology - Answer The rules governing internal organization of words
Phonology - Answer The phonemes (unit of sound) within the words
Pragmatics - Answer The appropriate use of language in different contexts
Four Speech Systems - Answer Respiration: diaphragm, lungs, trachea
Phonation: epiglottis, larynx
Articulation: hard palate, lips, teeth, tongue
Resonance: velum (soft palate), nasal cavity
Code Switching - Answer Switching back and forth between one linguistic variant and
another depending on the cultural context (speaking to your boss vs your friend)
Communicative Competence - Answer The knowledge and implicit awareness that speakers
of a language have and use to communicate effectively in that language (knowing how, where,
when, and with whom to speak)
Joint Reference and Attention - Answer A stage in infancy in which two people share an
interest and there is an understanding between the two people that they are both interested in
the object (nonverbally)
Milestones in Infancy - Answer 0-2 months: reflexive crying and vegetative sounds
2-4 months: cooing and gooing, laughter
4-6 months: voice play, expansion stage
6+ months: babbling and emergence of intentionality
10+ months: jargon
12+ months: use of symbols (words and gestures)
