SLHS 1150 Exam 2 Final Test
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.
Phonology - Answer -Rules for combining and using sounds in order for the the sounds to
*convey meaning*; sounds usually don't make sense on their own
-Distribution and sequencing of sounds; some sounds only occur at beginning/end of syllables
or words
-Sounds change according to context; accents/dialects
Speech Disorder - Answer Inability to produce sounds correctly/fluently; or voice disorders
Articulation Disorder - Answer Physical etiology (cause); sounds are *consistently* absent or
distorted at site of speech output
Ex. Lisp
-Child does not have the ability to make the sound
-Consistently absent in all places
Phonological Disorder - Answer Impairment of phonological system with *patterns* of sound
errors
-Problems with perceptual representation
-Child doesn't know they need to make a certain sound
-Child doesn't realize that leaving out groups of sounds can change the meaning of a word
-Can be distinguished from other motor disorders
Stops - Answer Stopping of air flow when producing a sound
Fronting - Answer "Tar" for car
Final Consonant Deletion - Answer "Ca" for cat
Weak Syllable Deletion - Answer "Jamas" for pajamas
Reduplication - Answer "Wa wa" for water
Diminutizations - Answer "Blankie" for blanket
,Cluster Reduction - Answer "Tick" for stick
Gliding - Answer "Wabbit" for rabbit
Velar Fronting - Answer Child does have sound in inventory but has different phonological
rules for when to produce it
Ex. substitutes "p" and "b" for "g" and "k"
Ex. of Velar Fronting - Answer Child substitutes stops for fricatives, but only at the beginning
of words
*S*un - Tun --> Bus - Bu*s*
*F*ish - Pish --> Leaf - Lea*f*
Where do Speech Sound Disorders (SSDs) come from? - Answer -Unknown origin
-Otitis Media with Effusion (OME); middle ear infections
-Hearing loss
-Structural/Organic Abnormalities
-Miscellaneous disorders
Unknown Origin - Answer -Small phoneme inventory
-Phoneme collapse (using few phonemes they do know over and over)
-Persistent error patterns
-Unintelligibly
-Should have all sounds by 3 years
Intelligibility - Answer Degree to which speech is understood by an unfamiliar listener
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) - Answer -Same characteristics as unknown
-Auditory Deprivation
Auditory Deprivation - Answer Lack of auditory input
-Fluid in ear muffles input
-Distorted input --> poor output
,Structural/Organic Abnormalities - Answer Structural Defects
-Teeth: poor positioning; missing
-Tongue: too small/big; cancer patients
-Lips and Palate: cleft
Cleft Palate - Answer Problems with valving and pressure, consonant distortion, small
phonemic inventory
Assessment of SSDs - Answer Determine:
-Presence of disorder
-Etiology
-Affected sounds (inventory)
-Treatment decision
Drilling - Answer Repeating an activity to get a result; fastest route to behavior modification;
highly structured, guided by professional; can be terrible and uninteresting -- use games and
activities
Traditional Method - Answer -Identify typical sound
-Discriminate it from the error
*****
Fluency - Answer The ability to produce speech effortlessly and automatically; speech moves
at appropriate rate (easy rhythm, smooth)
Disfluency (Stuttering) - Answer The inability to produce speech effortlessly and
automatically
Defining Characteristics of Fluency Disorders - Answer Core Features:
-*within*-word disfluencies
-*between*-word disfluencies
Secondary Features:
-escape behaviors
-avoidance behaviors
-feelings and attitudes
, Causes and Risk Factors:
-predisposing factors
-precipitating factors
Core Features - Answer Primary characteristics of a fluency disorder
1. Part-Word Repetition
2. Single-Syllable Word Repetition
3. Sound Prolongation
4. Block
Part-Word Repetition - Answer Sound or syllable is repeated 2-4 times
Ex. "C-C-Can I come with you?"
Single-Syllable Word Repetition - Answer Repeated 2 or more times
Ex. "Can can can I come with you?"
Sound Prolongation - Answer The duration of speech sound is lengthened
Ex. "Caaaaaan I come with you?"
Block - Answer Articulators and airflow *completely stop* during the production of a sound
Ex. "Can ........ I come with you?"
"C...........an I come with you?"
Secondary Features - Answer Response to the Core Behaviors
-Escape Behaviors
-Avoidance Behaviors
-Feelings and Attitudes
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.
Phonology - Answer -Rules for combining and using sounds in order for the the sounds to
*convey meaning*; sounds usually don't make sense on their own
-Distribution and sequencing of sounds; some sounds only occur at beginning/end of syllables
or words
-Sounds change according to context; accents/dialects
Speech Disorder - Answer Inability to produce sounds correctly/fluently; or voice disorders
Articulation Disorder - Answer Physical etiology (cause); sounds are *consistently* absent or
distorted at site of speech output
Ex. Lisp
-Child does not have the ability to make the sound
-Consistently absent in all places
Phonological Disorder - Answer Impairment of phonological system with *patterns* of sound
errors
-Problems with perceptual representation
-Child doesn't know they need to make a certain sound
-Child doesn't realize that leaving out groups of sounds can change the meaning of a word
-Can be distinguished from other motor disorders
Stops - Answer Stopping of air flow when producing a sound
Fronting - Answer "Tar" for car
Final Consonant Deletion - Answer "Ca" for cat
Weak Syllable Deletion - Answer "Jamas" for pajamas
Reduplication - Answer "Wa wa" for water
Diminutizations - Answer "Blankie" for blanket
,Cluster Reduction - Answer "Tick" for stick
Gliding - Answer "Wabbit" for rabbit
Velar Fronting - Answer Child does have sound in inventory but has different phonological
rules for when to produce it
Ex. substitutes "p" and "b" for "g" and "k"
Ex. of Velar Fronting - Answer Child substitutes stops for fricatives, but only at the beginning
of words
*S*un - Tun --> Bus - Bu*s*
*F*ish - Pish --> Leaf - Lea*f*
Where do Speech Sound Disorders (SSDs) come from? - Answer -Unknown origin
-Otitis Media with Effusion (OME); middle ear infections
-Hearing loss
-Structural/Organic Abnormalities
-Miscellaneous disorders
Unknown Origin - Answer -Small phoneme inventory
-Phoneme collapse (using few phonemes they do know over and over)
-Persistent error patterns
-Unintelligibly
-Should have all sounds by 3 years
Intelligibility - Answer Degree to which speech is understood by an unfamiliar listener
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) - Answer -Same characteristics as unknown
-Auditory Deprivation
Auditory Deprivation - Answer Lack of auditory input
-Fluid in ear muffles input
-Distorted input --> poor output
,Structural/Organic Abnormalities - Answer Structural Defects
-Teeth: poor positioning; missing
-Tongue: too small/big; cancer patients
-Lips and Palate: cleft
Cleft Palate - Answer Problems with valving and pressure, consonant distortion, small
phonemic inventory
Assessment of SSDs - Answer Determine:
-Presence of disorder
-Etiology
-Affected sounds (inventory)
-Treatment decision
Drilling - Answer Repeating an activity to get a result; fastest route to behavior modification;
highly structured, guided by professional; can be terrible and uninteresting -- use games and
activities
Traditional Method - Answer -Identify typical sound
-Discriminate it from the error
*****
Fluency - Answer The ability to produce speech effortlessly and automatically; speech moves
at appropriate rate (easy rhythm, smooth)
Disfluency (Stuttering) - Answer The inability to produce speech effortlessly and
automatically
Defining Characteristics of Fluency Disorders - Answer Core Features:
-*within*-word disfluencies
-*between*-word disfluencies
Secondary Features:
-escape behaviors
-avoidance behaviors
-feelings and attitudes
, Causes and Risk Factors:
-predisposing factors
-precipitating factors
Core Features - Answer Primary characteristics of a fluency disorder
1. Part-Word Repetition
2. Single-Syllable Word Repetition
3. Sound Prolongation
4. Block
Part-Word Repetition - Answer Sound or syllable is repeated 2-4 times
Ex. "C-C-Can I come with you?"
Single-Syllable Word Repetition - Answer Repeated 2 or more times
Ex. "Can can can I come with you?"
Sound Prolongation - Answer The duration of speech sound is lengthened
Ex. "Caaaaaan I come with you?"
Block - Answer Articulators and airflow *completely stop* during the production of a sound
Ex. "Can ........ I come with you?"
"C...........an I come with you?"
Secondary Features - Answer Response to the Core Behaviors
-Escape Behaviors
-Avoidance Behaviors
-Feelings and Attitudes
