CMSRN EXAM BANK Actual Question and
Answer (2026/2027) | Complete Exam Prep
| A+ Verified
• Dilutional Hyponatremia -✓✓ Excessive fluid intake
Edema, confusion, weight gain
Treatment: decrease fluid intake
"swells, rings tight"
• True Hyponatremia -✓✓ Loss of fluid and Na
Weight loss, DRY, hypotensive, tachy, DEHYDRATED
Tx: replace both sodium and water
• Hypernatremia Causes -✓✓ Fevern unresponsive to traditional interventions, Na
IV fluids, DI, tube feeds
• Hypernatremia Symptoms -✓✓ DRY, thirst, tachy, oliguria(compensating)
• Hypernatremia treatment -✓✓ Decrease Na and replace fluids
• Cl -✓✓ Acts like Na
Buffer to maintain pH
• Hyperkalemia Causes -✓✓ Cell wall destruction
Increased intake
,K sparing diuretics
Renal failure
Acidosis
• Hyperkalemia symptoms -✓✓ Irritable muscles
Dysrhythmias
Hyperactive bowels/bladder- diarrhea, frequency, urgency
• Hyperkalemia tx -✓✓ Limit intake
Kayexalate
Ca gluconate
IV glucose
Dialysis
• Hypokalemia Causes -✓✓ Vomiting
Diarrhea
NG suction
Decreased PO
Burns
K wasting diuretics
• Hypokalemia Symptoms -✓✓ Muscle flaccidity- not there to stimulate
Weakness
Constipation
, Alkalosis-resps
Shallow Resps
Cardiac arrest
• Hypokalemia Tx -✓✓ Supplement
• Foods high in potassium -✓✓ Citrus fruits and dried fruits, bananas,
watermelon, potatoes, legumes, tea and peanut butter, avocado
• Calcium purpose -✓✓ Sedative at nerve level
Coagulation- look at level with invasive procedures!!
Bone/teeth strength
• Hypercalcemia Causes -✓✓ Cancer
Metastatic bone disease
hyperparathyroidism
Thiazide diuretics
Excessive vitamin D
• Hypercalcemia Symptoms -✓✓ Sedation
Lethargy
Hypoactive reflexes
Slurred speech
Impaired memory
Answer (2026/2027) | Complete Exam Prep
| A+ Verified
• Dilutional Hyponatremia -✓✓ Excessive fluid intake
Edema, confusion, weight gain
Treatment: decrease fluid intake
"swells, rings tight"
• True Hyponatremia -✓✓ Loss of fluid and Na
Weight loss, DRY, hypotensive, tachy, DEHYDRATED
Tx: replace both sodium and water
• Hypernatremia Causes -✓✓ Fevern unresponsive to traditional interventions, Na
IV fluids, DI, tube feeds
• Hypernatremia Symptoms -✓✓ DRY, thirst, tachy, oliguria(compensating)
• Hypernatremia treatment -✓✓ Decrease Na and replace fluids
• Cl -✓✓ Acts like Na
Buffer to maintain pH
• Hyperkalemia Causes -✓✓ Cell wall destruction
Increased intake
,K sparing diuretics
Renal failure
Acidosis
• Hyperkalemia symptoms -✓✓ Irritable muscles
Dysrhythmias
Hyperactive bowels/bladder- diarrhea, frequency, urgency
• Hyperkalemia tx -✓✓ Limit intake
Kayexalate
Ca gluconate
IV glucose
Dialysis
• Hypokalemia Causes -✓✓ Vomiting
Diarrhea
NG suction
Decreased PO
Burns
K wasting diuretics
• Hypokalemia Symptoms -✓✓ Muscle flaccidity- not there to stimulate
Weakness
Constipation
, Alkalosis-resps
Shallow Resps
Cardiac arrest
• Hypokalemia Tx -✓✓ Supplement
• Foods high in potassium -✓✓ Citrus fruits and dried fruits, bananas,
watermelon, potatoes, legumes, tea and peanut butter, avocado
• Calcium purpose -✓✓ Sedative at nerve level
Coagulation- look at level with invasive procedures!!
Bone/teeth strength
• Hypercalcemia Causes -✓✓ Cancer
Metastatic bone disease
hyperparathyroidism
Thiazide diuretics
Excessive vitamin D
• Hypercalcemia Symptoms -✓✓ Sedation
Lethargy
Hypoactive reflexes
Slurred speech
Impaired memory
