SOE 101 FINAL EXAM | RITTS | QUESTIONS VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What is the difference between Lava and Magma - Answers - Magma is composed of
molten rock and is stored in the Earth's crust. Lava is magma that reaches the surface
of our planet through a volcano vent.
Volatiles - Answers - gaseous components of magma dissolved in the melt. They will
readily vaporize at surface pressures
Viscosity - Answers - A liquid's resistance to flowing
Does Lave have a higher or lower viscosity compared to water - Answers - Higher
Viscosity
Mafic vs Felsic: Which has the higher Density - Answers - Mafic
Mafic vs Felsic: Which has higher Silica Content - Answers - Felsic
Mafic vs Felsic: What is the continental crust mainly made up of - Answers - Felsic
Content
Example of a mafic rock - Answers - basalt
example of felsic rock - Answers - granite
Mafic vs Felsic: Which is more explosive during eruptions - Answers - Felsic
What type of volcano is mainly mafic - Answers - Shield Volcanos
What type of volcano is mainly felsic - Answers - Stratovolcanoes
Why do more viscous Magmas create more explosive eruptions - Answers - Because
their resistance to the rising gases creates internal pressure
What kind of hazards and deposits come from stratovolcanoes - Answers - - Explosive
Eruptions
- Lava Flows
- Pyroclastic Flows
- Lahars
What kind of hazards and deposits come from Shield Volcanos - Answers - - Non-
Explosive Lava flows
, Stress - Answers - The force exerted on an object
Strain - Answers - deformation resulting from stress
Elastic Deformation - Answers - region where the material will return to its original
shape when the stress is removed
Brittle Deformation - Answers - the cracking and fracturing of a material subjected to
stress
Ductile Deformation - Answers - A type of solid-state flow that produces a change in the
size and shape of a rock body without fracturing. Occurs at depths where temperatures
and confining pressures are high.
Fault - Answers - a fracture in the earth's crust
Earthquake - Answers - The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath
Earth's surface. Can be caused by plate movement or Volcanos
What is the Earthquake Cycle / Elastic Rebound Theory - Answers - 1) Stress starts
building up along a fault line
2) Energy builds up from the pressure caused by friction. This causes the rock to bend
3) Once enough energy is stored, the rocks slip, causing an earthquake
4) Once the earthquake is done, the rock returns back into its original position
Epicenter - Answers - Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
Focus - Answers - The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress
and causes an earthquake
What is a P-wave - Answers - a primary wave, fastest of the waves produced in an
earthquake, this is a longitudinal or compression wave. This can move through liquid
What is an S-wave? - Answers - A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and
down or side to side. This cannot move through liquid
Mercalli scale - Answers - A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity
and how much damage they cause at a particular place
How is the Magnitude of an Earthquake determined - Answers - By measuring the
energy released during the earthquake
What are the 4 main hazards of earthquakes - Answers - 1. Shaking
2. Landslides
3. Liquification
ANSWERS
What is the difference between Lava and Magma - Answers - Magma is composed of
molten rock and is stored in the Earth's crust. Lava is magma that reaches the surface
of our planet through a volcano vent.
Volatiles - Answers - gaseous components of magma dissolved in the melt. They will
readily vaporize at surface pressures
Viscosity - Answers - A liquid's resistance to flowing
Does Lave have a higher or lower viscosity compared to water - Answers - Higher
Viscosity
Mafic vs Felsic: Which has the higher Density - Answers - Mafic
Mafic vs Felsic: Which has higher Silica Content - Answers - Felsic
Mafic vs Felsic: What is the continental crust mainly made up of - Answers - Felsic
Content
Example of a mafic rock - Answers - basalt
example of felsic rock - Answers - granite
Mafic vs Felsic: Which is more explosive during eruptions - Answers - Felsic
What type of volcano is mainly mafic - Answers - Shield Volcanos
What type of volcano is mainly felsic - Answers - Stratovolcanoes
Why do more viscous Magmas create more explosive eruptions - Answers - Because
their resistance to the rising gases creates internal pressure
What kind of hazards and deposits come from stratovolcanoes - Answers - - Explosive
Eruptions
- Lava Flows
- Pyroclastic Flows
- Lahars
What kind of hazards and deposits come from Shield Volcanos - Answers - - Non-
Explosive Lava flows
, Stress - Answers - The force exerted on an object
Strain - Answers - deformation resulting from stress
Elastic Deformation - Answers - region where the material will return to its original
shape when the stress is removed
Brittle Deformation - Answers - the cracking and fracturing of a material subjected to
stress
Ductile Deformation - Answers - A type of solid-state flow that produces a change in the
size and shape of a rock body without fracturing. Occurs at depths where temperatures
and confining pressures are high.
Fault - Answers - a fracture in the earth's crust
Earthquake - Answers - The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath
Earth's surface. Can be caused by plate movement or Volcanos
What is the Earthquake Cycle / Elastic Rebound Theory - Answers - 1) Stress starts
building up along a fault line
2) Energy builds up from the pressure caused by friction. This causes the rock to bend
3) Once enough energy is stored, the rocks slip, causing an earthquake
4) Once the earthquake is done, the rock returns back into its original position
Epicenter - Answers - Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
Focus - Answers - The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress
and causes an earthquake
What is a P-wave - Answers - a primary wave, fastest of the waves produced in an
earthquake, this is a longitudinal or compression wave. This can move through liquid
What is an S-wave? - Answers - A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and
down or side to side. This cannot move through liquid
Mercalli scale - Answers - A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity
and how much damage they cause at a particular place
How is the Magnitude of an Earthquake determined - Answers - By measuring the
energy released during the earthquake
What are the 4 main hazards of earthquakes - Answers - 1. Shaking
2. Landslides
3. Liquification
