CMS 315 LATEST EXAMS 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Avoiding - ✔✔An individual tries to physically avoid their partner, they may also
practice disengagement or hiding information about self. Cognitive dissonance.
✔✔Terminating - ✔✔stage of romantic relational dissolution in which couples end the
relationship
✔✔Movement: In, Out, and Around Stages - ✔✔1. Movement is generally systematic
2. Movement may be forward
3. Movement may be backward
4. Movement may occur within stages
5. Movement is always to a new place
✔✔Dialectical Theory - ✔✔change occurs as we strive to balance the inevitable
tensions in relational life
Integration - Separation
Expression - Nonexpression
Stability - Change
✔✔social exchange theory - ✔✔the theory that our social behavior is an exchange
process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
,✔✔Equity rule - ✔✔What you get from the relationship is equal to what you put in
✔✔Equality rule - ✔✔each partner is perceived as contributing equally and benefiting
equally
✔✔Communication is irreversible - ✔✔Communication is something we can't take back
✔✔Communication is functional - ✔✔giving/receiving information,
persuading/influencing, affinity, identity, entertainment
✔✔Communication is a tool - ✔✔can be used for good or bad
✔✔Communication is learned - ✔✔no one is born a good communicator
✔✔Communication is contextual - ✔✔physical context - the place your in
psychological context- frame of reference
✔✔communication = relationship - ✔✔Cannot maintain relationship without
communication
✔✔Interpersonal Communication - ✔✔is the process whereby one stimulates meaning
in the mind of another through verbal and/or nonverbal means
✔✔Ensuring Message Quality - ✔✔organize message, use redundancy, focus on
schemas, ask questions
✔✔Selective Exposure - ✔✔Get involved, Be in proximity, Utility, and reinforcement
✔✔selective attention - ✔✔the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
✔✔selective perception - ✔✔The phenomenon that people often pay the most attention
to things they already agree with and interpret them according to their own
predispositions.
✔✔selective retention - ✔✔we remember only what we want to remember
✔✔Characteristics of stereotypes - ✔✔Over-generalized
Extreme
Negative
Simplistic
Kernel of Truth
Self-confirming
, ✔✔Stereotypes lead to expectations - ✔✔actions reflect and create stereotypes.
Stereotypes shape the way we perceive behaviors
✔✔Don't Note Disconfirmations - ✔✔rather than changing your mind about a
stereotype, you make exceptions
✔✔Learning Stereotypes - ✔✔family, friends, media, limited observation
✔✔Why Stereotype? - ✔✔Efficient
Ego defense
Anger and Aggression
Conformity
✔✔Reducing Stereotypes - ✔✔• They don't go away easily; but you can control what
you think
• Note how people differ, find their uniqueness
• Note inadequacies of generalizations
• Find similarities with you
• Increase contact
• Increase familiarity
✔✔Inclusion - ✔✔need to be included; we try to maintain a balance of being together
and being alone
✔✔Bogies - ✔✔negative rumors that reflect fears or anxiety provoking outcomes
✔✔wedge drivers - ✔✔Rumors intended to divide group loyalties or undermine
relationships
✔✔pipedreams - ✔✔positive rumors that reflect desires and hopes
✔✔Characteristics of Rumors - ✔✔• To some degree: Reasonable, Simple, Difficult
• Speed: Rumors travel really fast, Need willing communicators, Someone has to be
willing to spread this
• Group size: Smaller the group the more the rumor spreads
• Accuracy:Rumors sometime have a kernel of truth, We expand it immensely
• Self-confirming
✔✔Why Gossip? - ✔✔- fun and interesting
- status: make the person with the gossip seem important
- hurt and revenge
- record keeping: how things used to be kept track of
- control: we gossip to feel i control and important
- relational maintenance: solidarity/similarity, socializing newcomers
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Avoiding - ✔✔An individual tries to physically avoid their partner, they may also
practice disengagement or hiding information about self. Cognitive dissonance.
✔✔Terminating - ✔✔stage of romantic relational dissolution in which couples end the
relationship
✔✔Movement: In, Out, and Around Stages - ✔✔1. Movement is generally systematic
2. Movement may be forward
3. Movement may be backward
4. Movement may occur within stages
5. Movement is always to a new place
✔✔Dialectical Theory - ✔✔change occurs as we strive to balance the inevitable
tensions in relational life
Integration - Separation
Expression - Nonexpression
Stability - Change
✔✔social exchange theory - ✔✔the theory that our social behavior is an exchange
process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
,✔✔Equity rule - ✔✔What you get from the relationship is equal to what you put in
✔✔Equality rule - ✔✔each partner is perceived as contributing equally and benefiting
equally
✔✔Communication is irreversible - ✔✔Communication is something we can't take back
✔✔Communication is functional - ✔✔giving/receiving information,
persuading/influencing, affinity, identity, entertainment
✔✔Communication is a tool - ✔✔can be used for good or bad
✔✔Communication is learned - ✔✔no one is born a good communicator
✔✔Communication is contextual - ✔✔physical context - the place your in
psychological context- frame of reference
✔✔communication = relationship - ✔✔Cannot maintain relationship without
communication
✔✔Interpersonal Communication - ✔✔is the process whereby one stimulates meaning
in the mind of another through verbal and/or nonverbal means
✔✔Ensuring Message Quality - ✔✔organize message, use redundancy, focus on
schemas, ask questions
✔✔Selective Exposure - ✔✔Get involved, Be in proximity, Utility, and reinforcement
✔✔selective attention - ✔✔the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
✔✔selective perception - ✔✔The phenomenon that people often pay the most attention
to things they already agree with and interpret them according to their own
predispositions.
✔✔selective retention - ✔✔we remember only what we want to remember
✔✔Characteristics of stereotypes - ✔✔Over-generalized
Extreme
Negative
Simplistic
Kernel of Truth
Self-confirming
, ✔✔Stereotypes lead to expectations - ✔✔actions reflect and create stereotypes.
Stereotypes shape the way we perceive behaviors
✔✔Don't Note Disconfirmations - ✔✔rather than changing your mind about a
stereotype, you make exceptions
✔✔Learning Stereotypes - ✔✔family, friends, media, limited observation
✔✔Why Stereotype? - ✔✔Efficient
Ego defense
Anger and Aggression
Conformity
✔✔Reducing Stereotypes - ✔✔• They don't go away easily; but you can control what
you think
• Note how people differ, find their uniqueness
• Note inadequacies of generalizations
• Find similarities with you
• Increase contact
• Increase familiarity
✔✔Inclusion - ✔✔need to be included; we try to maintain a balance of being together
and being alone
✔✔Bogies - ✔✔negative rumors that reflect fears or anxiety provoking outcomes
✔✔wedge drivers - ✔✔Rumors intended to divide group loyalties or undermine
relationships
✔✔pipedreams - ✔✔positive rumors that reflect desires and hopes
✔✔Characteristics of Rumors - ✔✔• To some degree: Reasonable, Simple, Difficult
• Speed: Rumors travel really fast, Need willing communicators, Someone has to be
willing to spread this
• Group size: Smaller the group the more the rumor spreads
• Accuracy:Rumors sometime have a kernel of truth, We expand it immensely
• Self-confirming
✔✔Why Gossip? - ✔✔- fun and interesting
- status: make the person with the gossip seem important
- hurt and revenge
- record keeping: how things used to be kept track of
- control: we gossip to feel i control and important
- relational maintenance: solidarity/similarity, socializing newcomers
