CMS 315 CORE REVIEW 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔ensuring message quality - ✔✔organize message, use redundancy, focus on
schemas, ask questions
✔✔organize message by - ✔✔knowing purpose, drop what's unimportant, chunk whats
important
✔✔use redundancy - ✔✔offer multiple examples for concepts, beware of seductive
details, follow "tell-show-do-respond"
✔✔schema - ✔✔a category system for storing information
✔✔how to ask questions - ✔✔open-ended and close-ended, ask for advice not
question, ask empowering questions, avoid taking position too soon, let them talk
✔✔selectivity - ✔✔selective exposure, attention, perception, retention
✔✔selective exposure - ✔✔involvement, proximity, utility/value, reinforcement
✔✔selective attention - ✔✔novelty, concreteness, less competing stimuli, speed,
momentum, utility, positive affect
, ✔✔selective perception - ✔✔understand biases, reduce ambiguity, use redundancy,
focus on listener's needs and schema
✔✔listener's needs include - ✔✔control, inclusion, affection, efficacy
✔✔selective retention - ✔✔redundancy and repetition, utility, primacy/recency, salience
(importance)
✔✔characteristics of stereotypes - ✔✔over-generalized, extreme, negative, simplistic,
kernel of truth, self-confirming
✔✔stereotypes lead to - ✔✔expectations: actions reflect and create stereotypes and
don't note dis-confirmations
✔✔actions that reflect and create stereotypes - ✔✔language, classroom, behavior
interpretation
✔✔dis-confirmations in stereotypes - ✔✔special cases, special advantages, unusual
motivation, situation
✔✔where do we learn stereotypes? - ✔✔family, friends, media, limited observation
✔✔why stereotype? - ✔✔its efficient, ego defense, anger and aggression, conformity
✔✔reducing stereotypes - ✔✔don't go away easily, can be controlled, note peoples
differences and uniqueness, note inadequacies of generalizations, find similarities
among groups, increase contact and familiarity
✔✔"Bogie" rumors - ✔✔reflect fear or anxiety provoking outcomes
✔✔"wedge" rumors - ✔✔intended to divide group loyalties or undermine relationships
(both negative)
✔✔"pipedream" rumors - ✔✔reflect desires and hopes, positive
✔✔managing rumors - ✔✔anxiety, ambiguity, information importance, credibility and
plausibility of rumor
✔✔characteristics of rumors - ✔✔to some degree are reasonable, simple, difficult to
disprove, speedy, need willing communication, group size, accuracy, and self-
confirming
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔ensuring message quality - ✔✔organize message, use redundancy, focus on
schemas, ask questions
✔✔organize message by - ✔✔knowing purpose, drop what's unimportant, chunk whats
important
✔✔use redundancy - ✔✔offer multiple examples for concepts, beware of seductive
details, follow "tell-show-do-respond"
✔✔schema - ✔✔a category system for storing information
✔✔how to ask questions - ✔✔open-ended and close-ended, ask for advice not
question, ask empowering questions, avoid taking position too soon, let them talk
✔✔selectivity - ✔✔selective exposure, attention, perception, retention
✔✔selective exposure - ✔✔involvement, proximity, utility/value, reinforcement
✔✔selective attention - ✔✔novelty, concreteness, less competing stimuli, speed,
momentum, utility, positive affect
, ✔✔selective perception - ✔✔understand biases, reduce ambiguity, use redundancy,
focus on listener's needs and schema
✔✔listener's needs include - ✔✔control, inclusion, affection, efficacy
✔✔selective retention - ✔✔redundancy and repetition, utility, primacy/recency, salience
(importance)
✔✔characteristics of stereotypes - ✔✔over-generalized, extreme, negative, simplistic,
kernel of truth, self-confirming
✔✔stereotypes lead to - ✔✔expectations: actions reflect and create stereotypes and
don't note dis-confirmations
✔✔actions that reflect and create stereotypes - ✔✔language, classroom, behavior
interpretation
✔✔dis-confirmations in stereotypes - ✔✔special cases, special advantages, unusual
motivation, situation
✔✔where do we learn stereotypes? - ✔✔family, friends, media, limited observation
✔✔why stereotype? - ✔✔its efficient, ego defense, anger and aggression, conformity
✔✔reducing stereotypes - ✔✔don't go away easily, can be controlled, note peoples
differences and uniqueness, note inadequacies of generalizations, find similarities
among groups, increase contact and familiarity
✔✔"Bogie" rumors - ✔✔reflect fear or anxiety provoking outcomes
✔✔"wedge" rumors - ✔✔intended to divide group loyalties or undermine relationships
(both negative)
✔✔"pipedream" rumors - ✔✔reflect desires and hopes, positive
✔✔managing rumors - ✔✔anxiety, ambiguity, information importance, credibility and
plausibility of rumor
✔✔characteristics of rumors - ✔✔to some degree are reasonable, simple, difficult to
disprove, speedy, need willing communication, group size, accuracy, and self-
confirming
