ESS 101 MIDTERM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Interest-in-alternative-energy-and-mineral-sources-may-involve---ans-✔✔--producing-
unconventional-resources
---mining-lower-concentration-deposits
---recovering-resources-from-waste-and-recycling-streams
---sourcing-from-countries-with-different-political-and/or-environmental-stewardship-
philosophies
.Which-of-the-following-are-not-goals-of-the-USGS
---Understand-fundamental-Earth-processes-that-form-energy-and-mineral-resources
---Provide-inventories-and-assessments-of-energy-and-mineral-resources
---Understand-the-effects-of-energy-and-mineral-development-on-natural-resources-and-
society
---Set-governmental-policy-on-offshore-drilling-in-the-U.S.
---Understand-the-reliability-and-availability-of-energy-and-mineral-supplies---ans-✔✔Set-
governmental-policy-on-offshore-drilling-in-the-U.S.
The-following-mineral-is-used-to-filter-drinking-water:
---Cadmium
---Diatomite
---Kaolin
---Tantalum
---Zinc---ans-✔✔diatomite
what-are-the-three-types-of-Magma/lava---ans-✔✔mafic-basalt,-intermediate-andesite,-
felsic-granite
Why-does-granitic-composition-magma-rarely-make-it-to-the-surface?---ans-✔✔Granitic-
magma-is-a-wet-melt-and-the-melting-temp-increases-with-decreasing-pressure-so-that-is-
solidifies-as-is-rises-to-the-surface,-as-pressure-decrease
what-happens-to-dry-basaltic-magma-as-it-rises?---ans-✔✔it-further-melts-as-it-rises-to-the-
surface
where-do-shield-volcanoes-form?---ans-✔✔oceanic-hot-spots
where-do-strato-volcanoes-form---ans-✔✔subduction-zones
, pyroclastic-volcanoes-are---ans-✔✔cinder-cones-related-to-small-vents-and-presence-of-
ground-water
fissure-eruptions-form---ans-✔✔plateau-basalts
eruptions-under-water-form---ans-✔✔pillow-basalts
plutons-form-when---ans-✔✔magma-body-crystallizes-underground
Large-pluton-examples---ans-✔✔batholith,-stock,-laccolith-and-lopolith
batholith---ans-✔✔a-very-large-igneous-intrusion-extending-deep-in-the-earth's-crust.
stock---ans-✔✔igneous-intrusion-that-has-surface-exposure-less-than-100-kilometers.-
smaller-than-batholiths.
laccolith---ans-✔✔a-mass-of-igneous-rock,-typically-lens-shaped,-that-has-been-intruded-
between-rock-strata-causing-uplift-in-the-shape-of-a-dome.
lopolith---ans-✔✔a-large,-lenticular,-centrally-sunken-mass-of-igneous-rock-whose-
surfaces-are-concordant-with-the-enclosing-rocks
small-pluton-examples---ans-✔✔dikes,-sills-and-necks
dike---ans-✔✔A-slab-of-volcanic-rock-formed-when-magma-forces-itself-across-rock-layers
sill---ans-✔✔a-slab-of-volcanic-rock-formed-when-magma-squeezes-between-layers-of-
sedimentary-rock
neck---ans-✔✔volcanic-plug-created-when-magma-hardens-in-a-vent-or-active-volcano
volcanic-hazards---ans-✔✔Effusive-eruptions-such-as-Iceland-and-Hawaii
Phreatic-eruptions-such-as-subduction-zone,-St.-Pierre,-and-Pompeii
pyroclastic-eruptions-
lahars
how-can-tephra-layers-(ash)-be-used-to-assess-and-predict-volcanic-hazards?---ans-
✔✔tephra-(ash)-layers-get-thick-and-coarse-the-closer-to-the-volcanic-source
what-is-weathering?---ans-✔✔Weathering-is-the-chemical-alteration-and-physical-
breakdown-of-rock-material-during-exposure-to-the-air,-moisture,-and-organic-matter.
forms-of-mechanical-weathering---ans-✔✔frost-wedging/-freeze-thaw
-
effects-of-heat-spalling-and-thermal-expansion/-contraction
ANSWERS
Interest-in-alternative-energy-and-mineral-sources-may-involve---ans-✔✔--producing-
unconventional-resources
---mining-lower-concentration-deposits
---recovering-resources-from-waste-and-recycling-streams
---sourcing-from-countries-with-different-political-and/or-environmental-stewardship-
philosophies
.Which-of-the-following-are-not-goals-of-the-USGS
---Understand-fundamental-Earth-processes-that-form-energy-and-mineral-resources
---Provide-inventories-and-assessments-of-energy-and-mineral-resources
---Understand-the-effects-of-energy-and-mineral-development-on-natural-resources-and-
society
---Set-governmental-policy-on-offshore-drilling-in-the-U.S.
---Understand-the-reliability-and-availability-of-energy-and-mineral-supplies---ans-✔✔Set-
governmental-policy-on-offshore-drilling-in-the-U.S.
The-following-mineral-is-used-to-filter-drinking-water:
---Cadmium
---Diatomite
---Kaolin
---Tantalum
---Zinc---ans-✔✔diatomite
what-are-the-three-types-of-Magma/lava---ans-✔✔mafic-basalt,-intermediate-andesite,-
felsic-granite
Why-does-granitic-composition-magma-rarely-make-it-to-the-surface?---ans-✔✔Granitic-
magma-is-a-wet-melt-and-the-melting-temp-increases-with-decreasing-pressure-so-that-is-
solidifies-as-is-rises-to-the-surface,-as-pressure-decrease
what-happens-to-dry-basaltic-magma-as-it-rises?---ans-✔✔it-further-melts-as-it-rises-to-the-
surface
where-do-shield-volcanoes-form?---ans-✔✔oceanic-hot-spots
where-do-strato-volcanoes-form---ans-✔✔subduction-zones
, pyroclastic-volcanoes-are---ans-✔✔cinder-cones-related-to-small-vents-and-presence-of-
ground-water
fissure-eruptions-form---ans-✔✔plateau-basalts
eruptions-under-water-form---ans-✔✔pillow-basalts
plutons-form-when---ans-✔✔magma-body-crystallizes-underground
Large-pluton-examples---ans-✔✔batholith,-stock,-laccolith-and-lopolith
batholith---ans-✔✔a-very-large-igneous-intrusion-extending-deep-in-the-earth's-crust.
stock---ans-✔✔igneous-intrusion-that-has-surface-exposure-less-than-100-kilometers.-
smaller-than-batholiths.
laccolith---ans-✔✔a-mass-of-igneous-rock,-typically-lens-shaped,-that-has-been-intruded-
between-rock-strata-causing-uplift-in-the-shape-of-a-dome.
lopolith---ans-✔✔a-large,-lenticular,-centrally-sunken-mass-of-igneous-rock-whose-
surfaces-are-concordant-with-the-enclosing-rocks
small-pluton-examples---ans-✔✔dikes,-sills-and-necks
dike---ans-✔✔A-slab-of-volcanic-rock-formed-when-magma-forces-itself-across-rock-layers
sill---ans-✔✔a-slab-of-volcanic-rock-formed-when-magma-squeezes-between-layers-of-
sedimentary-rock
neck---ans-✔✔volcanic-plug-created-when-magma-hardens-in-a-vent-or-active-volcano
volcanic-hazards---ans-✔✔Effusive-eruptions-such-as-Iceland-and-Hawaii
Phreatic-eruptions-such-as-subduction-zone,-St.-Pierre,-and-Pompeii
pyroclastic-eruptions-
lahars
how-can-tephra-layers-(ash)-be-used-to-assess-and-predict-volcanic-hazards?---ans-
✔✔tephra-(ash)-layers-get-thick-and-coarse-the-closer-to-the-volcanic-source
what-is-weathering?---ans-✔✔Weathering-is-the-chemical-alteration-and-physical-
breakdown-of-rock-material-during-exposure-to-the-air,-moisture,-and-organic-matter.
forms-of-mechanical-weathering---ans-✔✔frost-wedging/-freeze-thaw
-
effects-of-heat-spalling-and-thermal-expansion/-contraction
