NCC EFM TEST 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔FETAL CHEMORECEPTORS - ✔✔Sensors that detect changes in blood gases
(PCO2, PO2, pH) and trigger responses like bradycardia and hypertension
✔✔Fetal Stroke Volume (SV) - ✔✔The volume of blood ejected by the fetal heart in one
contraction, which remains relatively stable compared to adults
✔✔Fetal Oxygenation - ✔✔The process by which the fetus receives and utilizes
oxygen, facilitated by adaptations in hemoglobin concentration and circulation
✔✔Hemoglobin concentration - ✔✔The amount of hemoglobin present in the blood,
with fetal blood having a higher concentration compared to maternal blood
✔✔Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve - ✔✔A graph showing the relationship between
oxygen and hemoglobin, indicating fetal hemoglobin's higher affinity for oxygen
✔✔Fetal Physiologic Adaptations - ✔✔Changes in fetal physiology to ensure oxygen
delivery and waste removal, including increased heart rate and cardiac output
✔✔FHR Acceleration - ✔✔Abrupt increase >10 bpm lasting >10 sec
✔✔<32 Weeks Gestation - ✔✔Criteria for FHR acceleration
✔✔FHR above baseline - ✔✔Peak ≥15 bpm above baseline lasting ≥15 sec
✔✔Rules Out Metabolic Acidemia - ✔✔Acceleration presence predicts absence of fetal
metabolic acidemia
✔✔Early Deceleration - ✔✔Symmetrical gradual decrease associated with uterine
contraction
, ✔✔Late Deceleration - ✔✔Symmetrical gradual decrease after peak of contraction
✔✔Variable Deceleration - ✔✔Abrupt decrease below baseline lasting ≥15 sec
✔✔Prolonged Deceleration - ✔✔Decrease >15 bpm below baseline lasting >2 min but
<10 min
✔✔Fetal Bradycardia - ✔✔Baseline < 110 bpm for > 10 min
✔✔Fetal Tachycardia - ✔✔Baseline > 160 bpm for > 10 min
✔✔Sinusoidal FHR Pattern - ✔✔Smooth, sine wave-like undulating pattern
✔✔Sinusoidal Heart Rate - ✔✔Associated with severe fetal anemia or acidemia
✔✔Intermittent Auscultation - ✔✔Periodic monitoring of fetal heart sounds
✔✔In-Utero Resuscitation - ✔✔Interventions for abnormal FHR tracings
✔✔Maternal Position Change - ✔✔Part of in-utero resuscitation for abnormal tracings
✔✔IV Fluid Bolus - ✔✔500 mL nonglucose-containing solution for resuscitation
✔✔Repositioning - ✔✔Interdisciplinary practice for improving fetal heart rate
✔✔FHR pattern - ✔✔Indicates fetal oxygenation, uteroplacental perfusion, or cord
compression
✔✔Maternal status - ✔✔Includes hypotension and dehydration indicators
✔✔Uterine activity - ✔✔Refers to contractions, their frequency, and duration
✔✔Endogenous Oxytocin - ✔✔Maternal circulating oxytocin, response time, and half-
life
✔✔Tachysystole - ✔✔Excessive uterine contractions (>5 in 10 min) affecting fetal
oxygenation
✔✔Second Stage Labor - ✔✔Active pushing phase, fetal reserve, and fetal response to
stress
✔✔Amnioinfusion - ✔✔Procedure to infuse fluid into the uterus for various indications
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔FETAL CHEMORECEPTORS - ✔✔Sensors that detect changes in blood gases
(PCO2, PO2, pH) and trigger responses like bradycardia and hypertension
✔✔Fetal Stroke Volume (SV) - ✔✔The volume of blood ejected by the fetal heart in one
contraction, which remains relatively stable compared to adults
✔✔Fetal Oxygenation - ✔✔The process by which the fetus receives and utilizes
oxygen, facilitated by adaptations in hemoglobin concentration and circulation
✔✔Hemoglobin concentration - ✔✔The amount of hemoglobin present in the blood,
with fetal blood having a higher concentration compared to maternal blood
✔✔Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve - ✔✔A graph showing the relationship between
oxygen and hemoglobin, indicating fetal hemoglobin's higher affinity for oxygen
✔✔Fetal Physiologic Adaptations - ✔✔Changes in fetal physiology to ensure oxygen
delivery and waste removal, including increased heart rate and cardiac output
✔✔FHR Acceleration - ✔✔Abrupt increase >10 bpm lasting >10 sec
✔✔<32 Weeks Gestation - ✔✔Criteria for FHR acceleration
✔✔FHR above baseline - ✔✔Peak ≥15 bpm above baseline lasting ≥15 sec
✔✔Rules Out Metabolic Acidemia - ✔✔Acceleration presence predicts absence of fetal
metabolic acidemia
✔✔Early Deceleration - ✔✔Symmetrical gradual decrease associated with uterine
contraction
, ✔✔Late Deceleration - ✔✔Symmetrical gradual decrease after peak of contraction
✔✔Variable Deceleration - ✔✔Abrupt decrease below baseline lasting ≥15 sec
✔✔Prolonged Deceleration - ✔✔Decrease >15 bpm below baseline lasting >2 min but
<10 min
✔✔Fetal Bradycardia - ✔✔Baseline < 110 bpm for > 10 min
✔✔Fetal Tachycardia - ✔✔Baseline > 160 bpm for > 10 min
✔✔Sinusoidal FHR Pattern - ✔✔Smooth, sine wave-like undulating pattern
✔✔Sinusoidal Heart Rate - ✔✔Associated with severe fetal anemia or acidemia
✔✔Intermittent Auscultation - ✔✔Periodic monitoring of fetal heart sounds
✔✔In-Utero Resuscitation - ✔✔Interventions for abnormal FHR tracings
✔✔Maternal Position Change - ✔✔Part of in-utero resuscitation for abnormal tracings
✔✔IV Fluid Bolus - ✔✔500 mL nonglucose-containing solution for resuscitation
✔✔Repositioning - ✔✔Interdisciplinary practice for improving fetal heart rate
✔✔FHR pattern - ✔✔Indicates fetal oxygenation, uteroplacental perfusion, or cord
compression
✔✔Maternal status - ✔✔Includes hypotension and dehydration indicators
✔✔Uterine activity - ✔✔Refers to contractions, their frequency, and duration
✔✔Endogenous Oxytocin - ✔✔Maternal circulating oxytocin, response time, and half-
life
✔✔Tachysystole - ✔✔Excessive uterine contractions (>5 in 10 min) affecting fetal
oxygenation
✔✔Second Stage Labor - ✔✔Active pushing phase, fetal reserve, and fetal response to
stress
✔✔Amnioinfusion - ✔✔Procedure to infuse fluid into the uterus for various indications
