CHT COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Ultrafiltration. Answer: removes water from the blood during dialysis
by pushing it across a semipermeable membrane
⩥ Convection. Answer: The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid
⩥ Solute drag. Answer: As solvent crosses membrane it brings smaller
solutes with it
⩥ dialyzer. Answer: Semipermeable membrane, hollow fibers, ports for
blood and dialysate, compartment for blood and d
⩥ Design of dialyzer. Answer: End of fibers there are polyurethane
(potting) materials to hold open fibers
Dialysate flows around fibers from bottom to top to create a concurrent
flow
⩥ Biocompatibility of dialyzer. Answer: How much it's like the human
body , how well a membrane adsorbs protein is key to whether it's
biocompatible (the protein coats the inside of the fiber so the blood
doesn't detect a foreign substance and cause an immune response.
,⩥ Characteristics of a dialyzer. Answer: Biocompatibility
How much surface area
Molecular weight cutoff ( largest molecule to pass through)
UF coefficient (how much water it can remove)
Mass transfer coefficient (how well a solute will pass through
membrane)
Clearance (how well solutes are removed from blood
⩥ Membrane materials. Answer: Cellulose-plant fiber not biocompatible
Modified cellulose-chemically changed to be biocompatible
Synthetic- biocompatible very good and highly absorptive
⩥ Dialyzer clearance. Answer: The amount of blood cleared from solute
within a minute of tx at any given BFR and DFR
Diffusion, convection and adsorption can affect clearance
⩥ What's in dialysate. Answer: Acid
Bicarb
Sodium
Magnesium
Potassium
Calcium
, Chloride
Glucose
Actetate
Citrate
⩥ Osmolarity (total solute level) must closely match. Answer: Blood to
keep to much water from diffusing across membrane.
⩥ What does potassium in dialysate do. Answer: Helps bring patient to
normal plasma levels
⩥ What does magnesium do in dialysate. Answer: Triggers enzymes that
are key to carb use
⩥ What does glucose do in dialysate. Answer: Prevent loss of blood
glucose
Can help diabetic and malnourished pts
⩥ Normal sodium range in the blood. Answer: 135-147
Dialysate is kept between 139and 144
⩥ Sodium Modeling. Answer: Sodium level is changed during tx
Starts out high and is lower throughout tx
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Ultrafiltration. Answer: removes water from the blood during dialysis
by pushing it across a semipermeable membrane
⩥ Convection. Answer: The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid
⩥ Solute drag. Answer: As solvent crosses membrane it brings smaller
solutes with it
⩥ dialyzer. Answer: Semipermeable membrane, hollow fibers, ports for
blood and dialysate, compartment for blood and d
⩥ Design of dialyzer. Answer: End of fibers there are polyurethane
(potting) materials to hold open fibers
Dialysate flows around fibers from bottom to top to create a concurrent
flow
⩥ Biocompatibility of dialyzer. Answer: How much it's like the human
body , how well a membrane adsorbs protein is key to whether it's
biocompatible (the protein coats the inside of the fiber so the blood
doesn't detect a foreign substance and cause an immune response.
,⩥ Characteristics of a dialyzer. Answer: Biocompatibility
How much surface area
Molecular weight cutoff ( largest molecule to pass through)
UF coefficient (how much water it can remove)
Mass transfer coefficient (how well a solute will pass through
membrane)
Clearance (how well solutes are removed from blood
⩥ Membrane materials. Answer: Cellulose-plant fiber not biocompatible
Modified cellulose-chemically changed to be biocompatible
Synthetic- biocompatible very good and highly absorptive
⩥ Dialyzer clearance. Answer: The amount of blood cleared from solute
within a minute of tx at any given BFR and DFR
Diffusion, convection and adsorption can affect clearance
⩥ What's in dialysate. Answer: Acid
Bicarb
Sodium
Magnesium
Potassium
Calcium
, Chloride
Glucose
Actetate
Citrate
⩥ Osmolarity (total solute level) must closely match. Answer: Blood to
keep to much water from diffusing across membrane.
⩥ What does potassium in dialysate do. Answer: Helps bring patient to
normal plasma levels
⩥ What does magnesium do in dialysate. Answer: Triggers enzymes that
are key to carb use
⩥ What does glucose do in dialysate. Answer: Prevent loss of blood
glucose
Can help diabetic and malnourished pts
⩥ Normal sodium range in the blood. Answer: 135-147
Dialysate is kept between 139and 144
⩥ Sodium Modeling. Answer: Sodium level is changed during tx
Starts out high and is lower throughout tx
