BIOL 373: Midterm 1 Review Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
Physiology - Correct Answers ✅the science of the function
of living systems (study of homeostatic mechanisms)
Homeostasis - Correct Answers ✅maintenance of relatively
stable internal environment
Types of feedback - Correct Answers ✅negative, positive,
feedforward
Types of cell-cell communication - Correct Answers
✅Endocrine, neural, neuro-endocrine
Endocrine communication - Correct Answers ✅Chemical
(hormone) released into bloodstream
Neural communication - Correct Answers ✅electrical signal
travels down neutron, is translated into a chemical signal
(neurotransmitter) which transmits info to next cell
Neuro-endocrine communication - Correct Answers
✅Electrical signal translated into chemical signal, which is
secreted into the blood
Hydrophobic receptors are located (inside/outside) the cell -
Correct Answers ✅Inside
,BIOL 373: Midterm 1 Review Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
Hydrophilic receptors are located (inside/outside) the cell -
Correct Answers ✅Outside
When compensation fails in homeostasis, what happens? -
Correct Answers ✅illness
What is the second messenger molecule associated with
GPCRs? - Correct Answers ✅cyclic AMP
What is the amplifier enzyme for cAMP? - Correct Answers
✅adenylyl cyclase
What are the two primary ways to modulate signal pathways?
- Correct Answers ✅Change receptor number or sensitivity
Agonist - Correct Answers ✅A mimic that activates the
receptor when bound
Antagonist - Correct Answers ✅A blocker that binds to but
doesn't activate a receptor
When a G protein is bound to GDP it is in what state? -
Correct Answers ✅inactive
, BIOL 373: Midterm 1 Review Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
What does a G protein need to be bound to to be in its active
state? - Correct Answers ✅GTP
In cholera, the cholera toxin interferes with GPCR leading to
_____ _______ - Correct Answers ✅persistent activation
What is cannon's first postulate? - Correct Answers ✅the
nervous system works to preserve conditions that are
compatible with normal organismal function
What is cannon's second postulate? - Correct Answers
✅Many systems maintain a tonic level of activity
What is cannon's third postulate? - Correct Answers
✅Systems that are not under tonic control are usually under
antagonistic control (nervous, endocrine)
What is cannon's fourth postulate? - Correct Answers ✅The
same chemical signal can have different effects in different
tissues in the body depending on the type of receptor present
At how many weeks does the brain start developing
subcomponents of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain? -
Correct Answers ✅6
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
Physiology - Correct Answers ✅the science of the function
of living systems (study of homeostatic mechanisms)
Homeostasis - Correct Answers ✅maintenance of relatively
stable internal environment
Types of feedback - Correct Answers ✅negative, positive,
feedforward
Types of cell-cell communication - Correct Answers
✅Endocrine, neural, neuro-endocrine
Endocrine communication - Correct Answers ✅Chemical
(hormone) released into bloodstream
Neural communication - Correct Answers ✅electrical signal
travels down neutron, is translated into a chemical signal
(neurotransmitter) which transmits info to next cell
Neuro-endocrine communication - Correct Answers
✅Electrical signal translated into chemical signal, which is
secreted into the blood
Hydrophobic receptors are located (inside/outside) the cell -
Correct Answers ✅Inside
,BIOL 373: Midterm 1 Review Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
Hydrophilic receptors are located (inside/outside) the cell -
Correct Answers ✅Outside
When compensation fails in homeostasis, what happens? -
Correct Answers ✅illness
What is the second messenger molecule associated with
GPCRs? - Correct Answers ✅cyclic AMP
What is the amplifier enzyme for cAMP? - Correct Answers
✅adenylyl cyclase
What are the two primary ways to modulate signal pathways?
- Correct Answers ✅Change receptor number or sensitivity
Agonist - Correct Answers ✅A mimic that activates the
receptor when bound
Antagonist - Correct Answers ✅A blocker that binds to but
doesn't activate a receptor
When a G protein is bound to GDP it is in what state? -
Correct Answers ✅inactive
, BIOL 373: Midterm 1 Review Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
What does a G protein need to be bound to to be in its active
state? - Correct Answers ✅GTP
In cholera, the cholera toxin interferes with GPCR leading to
_____ _______ - Correct Answers ✅persistent activation
What is cannon's first postulate? - Correct Answers ✅the
nervous system works to preserve conditions that are
compatible with normal organismal function
What is cannon's second postulate? - Correct Answers
✅Many systems maintain a tonic level of activity
What is cannon's third postulate? - Correct Answers
✅Systems that are not under tonic control are usually under
antagonistic control (nervous, endocrine)
What is cannon's fourth postulate? - Correct Answers ✅The
same chemical signal can have different effects in different
tissues in the body depending on the type of receptor present
At how many weeks does the brain start developing
subcomponents of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain? -
Correct Answers ✅6
