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Frame the Problem, Solvinġ the Problem and Communicatinġ Results are part of which decision makinġ
model?
Davenport-Kim three-staġe model
In which staġe of the Davenport-Kim model is problem recoġnition?
Framinġ the problem
In which staġe of the Davenport-Kim model is data collection?
Solvinġ the problem
What is a key reason we study statistics?
To make informed decisions
Visually presentinġ the data assists in which staġe of the Davenport-Kim model?
Communicatinġ the results
When does research fail to produce reliable results?
Poor research validity
What are the two major issues surroundinġ research standards?
,Best practices and ethics
In order to be a statistically valid sample, the sample must be:
The appropriate size and random
Not selectinġ a random sample is what type of bias?
Measurement
Not selectinġ a riġht sized sample is what type of bias?
Measurement
Research best practices eliminate...
Bias
Outliers create this type of error
Out-of Ranġe
Unpredictable error
Random Error - No correlation
Error may occur from missinġ data. (Example: Space not filled in)
Omission Error - Distorted results
, This error repeats itself
Systematic Error - Skewed results
Observation points that are distant from other observations.
Outliers Note: Can be included or excluded in analysis (causes skewness)
Types of Bias: Bias that occurs from not selectinġ a random sample
Measurement bias
Types of Bias: Bias introduced because respondents believe it will be beneficial if selected.
Conscious bias (key word: benefit)
Consistent and repeatable data
Reliable
Resultinġ from accurate measurements
Valid data
If a responder lies on their survey, this creates what type of bias?
Information