BIO 156 COMPREHENSIVE TEST
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT.
⩥ Define the term control group and explain the value of a control
group in an experiment. Answer: Group of individuals identical to an
experimental group except for the independent variable under
investigation
To provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group
⩥ Define the term theory and explain the point in which a hypothesis
becomes a theory. Answer: Suppose a hypothesis stands even after
years of tests.
It is consistent with all data ever gathered, and it has helped us make
successful predictions about other phenomena.
⩥ Explain how electron configuration influences the chemical
properties of an atom. Answer: Each cloud can hold a determinant
number of electrons. When the electron number changes, ions are
formed. The number of electrons influences the bonding between
atoms.
⩥ hydrogen bond. Answer: The electron from the hydrogen spends
most of its time around the oxygen atom creating a partial positive
charge on each hydrogen. The presence of additional electrons makes
the oxygen partially negative.
,⩥ covalent bond. Answer: two atoms share a pair of electrons, so that
each atom's vacancy
becomes partially filled
⩥ ionic bond. Answer: Type of chemical bond in which a strong
mutual attraction links ions of opposite charge.
⩥ Describe how water contributes to the fitness of the environment
that supports all life. Answer: 1. an excellent solvent
2. has cohesion (insect on water, water roots)
3. stabilize temperature (cool surface)
⩥ Explain the basis for the pH scale. Answer: The basis for the pH
scale is the amount of H+ and OH- ions in a solution. More H+ ions
means a solution is more acidic, while more OH- ions means the
solution is more basic.
⩥ List and describe the four major classes of organic compounds.
Answer: carbohydrate
lipid
protein
nucleic acids
⩥ Describe the structure of an atom. Answer: protons
neutrons
electrons
, ⩥ Explain why radioisotopes are important to biologists. Answer:
Atoms of a radioisotope have an unstable nucleus that breaks up
spontaneously.
radioisotopes can be used as or in tracers, which are substances with a
detectable component.
PET scan
⩥ Explain how an acid differs from a base. Answer: The more
concentrated the hydrogen ions are, the lower the pH of the solution.
⩥ What is the cause and environmental consequence of acid rain?
Answer: Burning fossil fuels such as coal releases sulfur and
nitrogen compounds that affect the pH of rain and other forms of
precipitation.
drastically changes the pH of water in soil, lakes, and streams.
⩥ Describe carbohydrates. Answer: Simple sugars are called
monosaccharides ( Glucose and fructose).
sucrose is disaccharide.
polysaccharides.
provide energy and structural support for living systems.
⩥ Describe lipids. Answer: can be divided into fats, phospholipids,
steroids, and waxes.
part of it is hydrophobic.
make up part of cell membranes and provide energy.
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT.
⩥ Define the term control group and explain the value of a control
group in an experiment. Answer: Group of individuals identical to an
experimental group except for the independent variable under
investigation
To provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group
⩥ Define the term theory and explain the point in which a hypothesis
becomes a theory. Answer: Suppose a hypothesis stands even after
years of tests.
It is consistent with all data ever gathered, and it has helped us make
successful predictions about other phenomena.
⩥ Explain how electron configuration influences the chemical
properties of an atom. Answer: Each cloud can hold a determinant
number of electrons. When the electron number changes, ions are
formed. The number of electrons influences the bonding between
atoms.
⩥ hydrogen bond. Answer: The electron from the hydrogen spends
most of its time around the oxygen atom creating a partial positive
charge on each hydrogen. The presence of additional electrons makes
the oxygen partially negative.
,⩥ covalent bond. Answer: two atoms share a pair of electrons, so that
each atom's vacancy
becomes partially filled
⩥ ionic bond. Answer: Type of chemical bond in which a strong
mutual attraction links ions of opposite charge.
⩥ Describe how water contributes to the fitness of the environment
that supports all life. Answer: 1. an excellent solvent
2. has cohesion (insect on water, water roots)
3. stabilize temperature (cool surface)
⩥ Explain the basis for the pH scale. Answer: The basis for the pH
scale is the amount of H+ and OH- ions in a solution. More H+ ions
means a solution is more acidic, while more OH- ions means the
solution is more basic.
⩥ List and describe the four major classes of organic compounds.
Answer: carbohydrate
lipid
protein
nucleic acids
⩥ Describe the structure of an atom. Answer: protons
neutrons
electrons
, ⩥ Explain why radioisotopes are important to biologists. Answer:
Atoms of a radioisotope have an unstable nucleus that breaks up
spontaneously.
radioisotopes can be used as or in tracers, which are substances with a
detectable component.
PET scan
⩥ Explain how an acid differs from a base. Answer: The more
concentrated the hydrogen ions are, the lower the pH of the solution.
⩥ What is the cause and environmental consequence of acid rain?
Answer: Burning fossil fuels such as coal releases sulfur and
nitrogen compounds that affect the pH of rain and other forms of
precipitation.
drastically changes the pH of water in soil, lakes, and streams.
⩥ Describe carbohydrates. Answer: Simple sugars are called
monosaccharides ( Glucose and fructose).
sucrose is disaccharide.
polysaccharides.
provide energy and structural support for living systems.
⩥ Describe lipids. Answer: can be divided into fats, phospholipids,
steroids, and waxes.
part of it is hydrophobic.
make up part of cell membranes and provide energy.
