NSG 3130 Test 4 Questions with Correct
Answers
Components of the heart
the pump
the electrical system
the vascular system
the blood volume
serum lipid levels
fats can clog blood vessels and decrease blood flow. LDL should be less than 130. HDL
greater than 45. total cholesterol lower than 200.
Serum Electrolytes
can affect the conduction of the heart
Hemoglobin
An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen.
Creatinine kinase and troponin
is elevated with cardiac cell death. usually indicates an MI
Preload
amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at the end of diastole. Increases due to increase
of volume.
Afterload
, the resistance that has to be exceeded for the ventricle to eject the blood during systole.
Increases due to HTN or vasoconstriction.
cardiac output
heart rate x stroke volume
Lifespan considerations
-HR goes down in older adults
-heart loses muscle tone which causes decrease of cardiac output
-BP will trend up with age
-Irregularities in infants and children in common
-atherosclerosis is the build up of plaque in the vascular walls. more common in older adults
-HTN typically elevates in older populations
African American and hispanic populations
are more likely to develop chronic HTN and heart diseases
Geriatric concerns
-blood vessels are less elastic
-impaired valves due to stiffness causing a decrease in CO
-Decreased baroreceptor response
Non-modifiable risk factors
age, race, family, gender ethnicity
Modifiable risk factors
lifestyle, diseases, and stress
metabolic syndrome
Answers
Components of the heart
the pump
the electrical system
the vascular system
the blood volume
serum lipid levels
fats can clog blood vessels and decrease blood flow. LDL should be less than 130. HDL
greater than 45. total cholesterol lower than 200.
Serum Electrolytes
can affect the conduction of the heart
Hemoglobin
An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen.
Creatinine kinase and troponin
is elevated with cardiac cell death. usually indicates an MI
Preload
amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at the end of diastole. Increases due to increase
of volume.
Afterload
, the resistance that has to be exceeded for the ventricle to eject the blood during systole.
Increases due to HTN or vasoconstriction.
cardiac output
heart rate x stroke volume
Lifespan considerations
-HR goes down in older adults
-heart loses muscle tone which causes decrease of cardiac output
-BP will trend up with age
-Irregularities in infants and children in common
-atherosclerosis is the build up of plaque in the vascular walls. more common in older adults
-HTN typically elevates in older populations
African American and hispanic populations
are more likely to develop chronic HTN and heart diseases
Geriatric concerns
-blood vessels are less elastic
-impaired valves due to stiffness causing a decrease in CO
-Decreased baroreceptor response
Non-modifiable risk factors
age, race, family, gender ethnicity
Modifiable risk factors
lifestyle, diseases, and stress
metabolic syndrome
