N352 Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers
hypothalamic-pituitary cyle
decrease estrogen/progesterone --> hypothalamus secretes GnRH --> anterior pituitary
decretes FSH and LH --> LH peak @ 13/14 of 28 day cycle --> regression of corpus luteum
(if not fertilized) --> menstruation
ovarian cycle: first phase
follicular (pre-ovulation)
first day of mensuration (lasts 12-14 days)
- follicle matures with LH and FSH
ovarian cycle: second phase
ovulatory phase
day 12-14
- estrogen levels peak --> oocyte released from follicle (OVULATION)
ovarian cycle: third phase
luteal phase (after ovulation to menstruation)
lasts 14 days
- empty follicle turns into corpus luteum (low estrogen, high progesterone)
if no implant -->
corpus luteum regresses (menstruation)
,if pregnant -->
corpus secretes progestogen and estrogen until placenta
endometrial cycle: menstrual phase
sloughing off and expulsion of endometrial tissue
proliferative phase
following menses, ends w/ ovulation
- endometrium gets thicker, more vascular
- increase levels of estrogen
secretory phase
after ovulation, ends w/ menses
- endometrium continues to thicken
- progesterone secreted from corpus luteum
- not pregnant: corpus luteum degrade
cyclic changes: cervical mucus changes
spinnbarkeit
cyclic changes: abd pain (R or L side)
mittelschmerz
cyclic changes: vaginal bleeding
spotting
,oogenesis
formation of a mature egg (ovum)
spermatogenesis
formation of mature sperm (spermatozoa)
sex determination
- @ time of fertilization
- sperm: x or y chromosome
- male DETERMINES gender
- pH of female tract influences survival rate (F last longer than M)
XX
female
XY
male
conception (fertilization)
- egg + sperm = zygote (46 chromo)
- in outer third of fallopian tube
- fertile for 24 hrs post-ovulation
- once happens, no more sperm can penetrate
3 stages of prenatal development:
zygote: cell fromed by sperm/ovum
embryo: week 2-8 of development
, fetus: week 9 to birth
age of viability
20-24 wks of gestation
- will requre NICU care to survive
implantation of zygote begins...
around 5-6 days post-conception
- endometrium becomes thick/vascular
- in upper section of posterior uterine wall
ectoderm
outermost germ layer; produces sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
mesoderm
middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems
endoderm
the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
ready for full anatomy scan and can see sex of baby at...
20 wks
yolk sac
hypothalamic-pituitary cyle
decrease estrogen/progesterone --> hypothalamus secretes GnRH --> anterior pituitary
decretes FSH and LH --> LH peak @ 13/14 of 28 day cycle --> regression of corpus luteum
(if not fertilized) --> menstruation
ovarian cycle: first phase
follicular (pre-ovulation)
first day of mensuration (lasts 12-14 days)
- follicle matures with LH and FSH
ovarian cycle: second phase
ovulatory phase
day 12-14
- estrogen levels peak --> oocyte released from follicle (OVULATION)
ovarian cycle: third phase
luteal phase (after ovulation to menstruation)
lasts 14 days
- empty follicle turns into corpus luteum (low estrogen, high progesterone)
if no implant -->
corpus luteum regresses (menstruation)
,if pregnant -->
corpus secretes progestogen and estrogen until placenta
endometrial cycle: menstrual phase
sloughing off and expulsion of endometrial tissue
proliferative phase
following menses, ends w/ ovulation
- endometrium gets thicker, more vascular
- increase levels of estrogen
secretory phase
after ovulation, ends w/ menses
- endometrium continues to thicken
- progesterone secreted from corpus luteum
- not pregnant: corpus luteum degrade
cyclic changes: cervical mucus changes
spinnbarkeit
cyclic changes: abd pain (R or L side)
mittelschmerz
cyclic changes: vaginal bleeding
spotting
,oogenesis
formation of a mature egg (ovum)
spermatogenesis
formation of mature sperm (spermatozoa)
sex determination
- @ time of fertilization
- sperm: x or y chromosome
- male DETERMINES gender
- pH of female tract influences survival rate (F last longer than M)
XX
female
XY
male
conception (fertilization)
- egg + sperm = zygote (46 chromo)
- in outer third of fallopian tube
- fertile for 24 hrs post-ovulation
- once happens, no more sperm can penetrate
3 stages of prenatal development:
zygote: cell fromed by sperm/ovum
embryo: week 2-8 of development
, fetus: week 9 to birth
age of viability
20-24 wks of gestation
- will requre NICU care to survive
implantation of zygote begins...
around 5-6 days post-conception
- endometrium becomes thick/vascular
- in upper section of posterior uterine wall
ectoderm
outermost germ layer; produces sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
mesoderm
middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems
endoderm
the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
ready for full anatomy scan and can see sex of baby at...
20 wks
yolk sac
