Test Bank For
Pathophysiology Concepts of Human Disease,1st
Edi on by Ma hew Sorenson Laure a Quinn
Diane Klein Chapter 1-53
1. Which cellular adapta on is characterized by an increase in the size of exis ng
cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: B
Ra onale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells, resul ng in
enlargement of the affected ssue or organ. It commonly occurs in cardiac and
skeletal muscle.
2. Hyperplasia refers to:
A. Increase in cell size
B. Increase in the number of cells
C. Replacement of one mature cell type by another
D. Abnormal cell differen a on
Answer: B
Ra onale: Hyperplasia occurs when the number of cells increases due to cell
division, resul ng in ssue enlargement.
,3. Which process is considered irreversible cell injury?
A. Cellular swelling
B. Fa y change
C. Plasma membrane rupture with nuclear destruc on
D. Glycogen accumula on
Answer: C
Ra onale: Irreversible injury results in membrane damage, nuclear breakdown,
and cell death.
4. Apoptosis is best described as:
A. Accidental cell death from severe injury
B. Programmed cell death without inflamma on
C. Bacterial destruc on of ssue
D. Cellular hypertrophy
Answer: B
Ra onale: Apoptosis is a gene cally regulated process that eliminates damaged
or unnecessary cells without provoking inflamma on.
5. Necrosis is characterized by:
A. Controlled cell death
B. Cell death associated with inflamma on
C. Increased cell size only
D. Cell division
Answer: B
Ra onale: Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death resul ng from injury and is
accompanied by inflamma on.
, 6. ATP deple on primarily results in:
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
C. Increased DNA replica on
D. Enhanced membrane transport
Answer: B
Ra onale: ATP deple on impairs the sodium-potassium pump, leading to
cellular swelling.
7. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP produc on?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Answer: B
Ra onale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxida ve phosphoryla on.
8. The most abundant extracellular ca on is:
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium
Answer: C
Ra onale: Sodium is the major extracellular ca on and plays a key role in fluid
balance.
Pathophysiology Concepts of Human Disease,1st
Edi on by Ma hew Sorenson Laure a Quinn
Diane Klein Chapter 1-53
1. Which cellular adapta on is characterized by an increase in the size of exis ng
cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: B
Ra onale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells, resul ng in
enlargement of the affected ssue or organ. It commonly occurs in cardiac and
skeletal muscle.
2. Hyperplasia refers to:
A. Increase in cell size
B. Increase in the number of cells
C. Replacement of one mature cell type by another
D. Abnormal cell differen a on
Answer: B
Ra onale: Hyperplasia occurs when the number of cells increases due to cell
division, resul ng in ssue enlargement.
,3. Which process is considered irreversible cell injury?
A. Cellular swelling
B. Fa y change
C. Plasma membrane rupture with nuclear destruc on
D. Glycogen accumula on
Answer: C
Ra onale: Irreversible injury results in membrane damage, nuclear breakdown,
and cell death.
4. Apoptosis is best described as:
A. Accidental cell death from severe injury
B. Programmed cell death without inflamma on
C. Bacterial destruc on of ssue
D. Cellular hypertrophy
Answer: B
Ra onale: Apoptosis is a gene cally regulated process that eliminates damaged
or unnecessary cells without provoking inflamma on.
5. Necrosis is characterized by:
A. Controlled cell death
B. Cell death associated with inflamma on
C. Increased cell size only
D. Cell division
Answer: B
Ra onale: Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death resul ng from injury and is
accompanied by inflamma on.
, 6. ATP deple on primarily results in:
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
C. Increased DNA replica on
D. Enhanced membrane transport
Answer: B
Ra onale: ATP deple on impairs the sodium-potassium pump, leading to
cellular swelling.
7. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP produc on?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Answer: B
Ra onale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxida ve phosphoryla on.
8. The most abundant extracellular ca on is:
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium
Answer: C
Ra onale: Sodium is the major extracellular ca on and plays a key role in fluid
balance.
