NURS 8024 Test Questions with complete solutions.
Pharmacokinetics
ADME of drugs
What the body does to the drug
Pharmacodynamics
actions of chemicals on the organism
What the drug does to the body
Toxicology
unwanted effect of chemicals on living systems
Pharmacogenomics
genetic variations causing different drug response
Drug Agonist
a drug that will bind to a receptor on a cell and trigger a response by the cell, generally
mimicking the response or action of a naturally occurring substance
Ex: Albuterol (Ventolin)
Drug Antagonist
a drug that blocks another drug from combining with a receptor
Prodrug
inactive chemical- absorbed + distributed- then converted to an active form
,Drug Absorption
entrance of a drug into the bloodstream from its site of administration
Drug Distribution
passage of a drug from the blood to the tissues and organs of the body
Drug Metabolism
the conversion of a drug from its active form to a nonactive form
Liver, Kidneys, other tissues
Drug Elimination
removal of drug from body
urine, bile, feces, lungs, sweat glands
Routes of drug administration
enteral, parenteral, topical
PO, IV, IM, SubQ, inhaled, intranasal, intrathecal, topical, transdermal, rectal, buccal, SL
Drug Transport
How the drug moves into the cell
Passive Diffusion
,Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Factors of Drug Absorption
-Acid/Base Ph
-Molecule weight/size
-Blood flow
-Solubility
-GI Absorption
GI Absorption
-Blood flow
-Ph
-Intestinal Surface Area
-Contact time
-P glycoprotein (inhibits/decreases absorption)
Factors (-) affecting GI absorption
-Shock, Sepsis
-Poor blood flow = poor absorption
-decrease SA, decrease absorption
-decrease contact time, decrease absorption
-Pglycoprotein: blocks medication, excretes drug, decrease absorption
, Bioavailability (F)
Fraction of administered drug reaching systemic circulation.
Factors affecting Bioavailability
-Solubility
-Instability of environment (ex, protease destroys po insulin- thus only subq insulin)
-1st pass effect
First Pass Effect
GI tract (100mg)- portal system(90mg)-liver (30mg)-systemic circulation
Liver takes a large portion of the drug, metabolizes (renders inactive)
Nitroglycerin 100mg->10mg
Not affected by first pass
IV, topical, IM, ID, subQ, SL
Rectal (minimal)
factors affecting Distribution
-Blood Flow
-Capillary permeability
-Plasma protein binding
Pharmacokinetics
ADME of drugs
What the body does to the drug
Pharmacodynamics
actions of chemicals on the organism
What the drug does to the body
Toxicology
unwanted effect of chemicals on living systems
Pharmacogenomics
genetic variations causing different drug response
Drug Agonist
a drug that will bind to a receptor on a cell and trigger a response by the cell, generally
mimicking the response or action of a naturally occurring substance
Ex: Albuterol (Ventolin)
Drug Antagonist
a drug that blocks another drug from combining with a receptor
Prodrug
inactive chemical- absorbed + distributed- then converted to an active form
,Drug Absorption
entrance of a drug into the bloodstream from its site of administration
Drug Distribution
passage of a drug from the blood to the tissues and organs of the body
Drug Metabolism
the conversion of a drug from its active form to a nonactive form
Liver, Kidneys, other tissues
Drug Elimination
removal of drug from body
urine, bile, feces, lungs, sweat glands
Routes of drug administration
enteral, parenteral, topical
PO, IV, IM, SubQ, inhaled, intranasal, intrathecal, topical, transdermal, rectal, buccal, SL
Drug Transport
How the drug moves into the cell
Passive Diffusion
,Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Factors of Drug Absorption
-Acid/Base Ph
-Molecule weight/size
-Blood flow
-Solubility
-GI Absorption
GI Absorption
-Blood flow
-Ph
-Intestinal Surface Area
-Contact time
-P glycoprotein (inhibits/decreases absorption)
Factors (-) affecting GI absorption
-Shock, Sepsis
-Poor blood flow = poor absorption
-decrease SA, decrease absorption
-decrease contact time, decrease absorption
-Pglycoprotein: blocks medication, excretes drug, decrease absorption
, Bioavailability (F)
Fraction of administered drug reaching systemic circulation.
Factors affecting Bioavailability
-Solubility
-Instability of environment (ex, protease destroys po insulin- thus only subq insulin)
-1st pass effect
First Pass Effect
GI tract (100mg)- portal system(90mg)-liver (30mg)-systemic circulation
Liver takes a large portion of the drug, metabolizes (renders inactive)
Nitroglycerin 100mg->10mg
Not affected by first pass
IV, topical, IM, ID, subQ, SL
Rectal (minimal)
factors affecting Distribution
-Blood Flow
-Capillary permeability
-Plasma protein binding
