OD 515 Lecture Questions Exam 1 with complete
solutions.
_____ are DNA segments that encode proteins or RNA's
Genes
Mutations drive both _______ and _________
genetic diversity, inherited diseases
_______ are the basic unit of heredity, which carry biological instructions from parents to
offspring
Genes
The average human gene is ________ bases long
1000-2000 (1-2 kilobases)
What are three functions of genes?
1. Encoding structural proteins (ex: keratin, collagen)
2. Producing enzymes (to catabolize metabolic reactions)
3. Generating regulatory elements (to control other genes)
A ______ is a fixed position on a chromosome that identifies a gene's "address"
locus
What do you call variants of the same gene that may result in phenotypic differences?
Alleles
, DNA is wrapped around proteins called a ______ to form _____. These units are linked
together to form _______, which is then packaged into chromosomes.
histone, nucleosomes
chromatin
________ occurs when RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA copy from the
DNA template strand
Transcription
What happens during RNA processing?
1. The addition of a 5' cap and 3' Poly(A) tail
2. Removing introns through splicing (creates multiple mRNA isoforms)
________ occurs when ribosomes read mRNA codons to assemble the peptide chain using
tRNA's carrying amino acids
Translation
Each codon consists of ____ bases and specifies a particular ______
3 bases, amino acid
Genes have a redundant but unambiguous code consisting of ___ codons specifying ___
amino acids, plus start and stop signals
64 codons, 20 amino acids
___________ modifications (ex: phosphorylation, glycosylation, folding) determine protein
function and localization
solutions.
_____ are DNA segments that encode proteins or RNA's
Genes
Mutations drive both _______ and _________
genetic diversity, inherited diseases
_______ are the basic unit of heredity, which carry biological instructions from parents to
offspring
Genes
The average human gene is ________ bases long
1000-2000 (1-2 kilobases)
What are three functions of genes?
1. Encoding structural proteins (ex: keratin, collagen)
2. Producing enzymes (to catabolize metabolic reactions)
3. Generating regulatory elements (to control other genes)
A ______ is a fixed position on a chromosome that identifies a gene's "address"
locus
What do you call variants of the same gene that may result in phenotypic differences?
Alleles
, DNA is wrapped around proteins called a ______ to form _____. These units are linked
together to form _______, which is then packaged into chromosomes.
histone, nucleosomes
chromatin
________ occurs when RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA copy from the
DNA template strand
Transcription
What happens during RNA processing?
1. The addition of a 5' cap and 3' Poly(A) tail
2. Removing introns through splicing (creates multiple mRNA isoforms)
________ occurs when ribosomes read mRNA codons to assemble the peptide chain using
tRNA's carrying amino acids
Translation
Each codon consists of ____ bases and specifies a particular ______
3 bases, amino acid
Genes have a redundant but unambiguous code consisting of ___ codons specifying ___
amino acids, plus start and stop signals
64 codons, 20 amino acids
___________ modifications (ex: phosphorylation, glycosylation, folding) determine protein
function and localization
