,Basic & Applied Concepts of Blood Banking
and Transfusion Practices
FOURTH EDITION
Paula R. Howard, MS, MPH, MT(ASCP)SBB
Professional Education and Corporate Training, Training Program Design and eLearning Course
Development, Hobe Sound, Florida
http://paularhoward.com/
2
,Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Reviewers
Preface
Part I. Quality and Safety Issues
1. Quality Assurance and Regulation of the Blood Industry and Safety Issues in the Blood Bank
Section 1. Regulatory and Accrediting Agencies for Quality and Safety
Section 2. Quality Assurance and Good Manufacturing Practices
Section 3. Safety
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
Part II. Foundations: Basic Sciences and Reagents
2. Immunology: Basic Principles and Applications in the Blood Bank
Section 1. Characteristics Associated with Antigen–Antibody Reactions
Section 2. Characteristics Associated with Red Cell Antigen–Antibody Reactions
Section 3. Application of Red Cell Antigen–Antibody Reactions for Routine Testing in Immunohematology
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
3. Blood Banking Reagents: Overview and Applications
Section 1. Introduction to Blood Banking Reagents
Section 2. Commercial Antibody Reagents
Section 3. Reagent Red Cells
Section 4. Antiglobulin Test and Reagents
Section 5. Principles of Antibody Potentiators and Lectins
Section 6. Alternative Methods to the Tube Test
3
, Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
4. Genetic Principles in Blood Banking
Section 1. Blood Group Genetics
Section 2. Population Genetics
Section 3. Molecular Genetics
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
Part III. Overview of the Major Blood Groups
5. ABO and H Blood Group Systems and Secretor Status
Section 1. Historical Overview of ABO Blood Group System
Section 2. ABO and H Blood Group System Antigens
Section 3. Genetic Features of ABO Blood Group System
Section 4. ABO Blood Group System Antibodies
Section 5. ABO Blood Group System and Transfusion
Section 6. Recognition and Resolution of ABO Discrepancies
Section 7. Special Topics Related to ABO and H Blood Group Systems
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
6. Rh Blood Group System
Section 1. Historical Overview of the Discovery of the D Antigen
Section 2. Genetics, Biochemistry, and Terminology
Section 3. Antigens of the Rh Blood Group System
Section 4. Rh Antibodies
Section 5. LW Blood Group System
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
7. Other Red Cell Blood Group Systems, Human Leukocyte Antigens, and Platelet Antigens
Section 1. Why Study Other Blood Group Systems?
Section 2. Kell Blood Group System
Section 3. Kx Blood Group System
Section 4. Duffy Blood Group System
Section 5. Kidd Blood Group System
Section 6. Lutheran Blood Group System
Section 7. Lewis Blood Group System
Section 8. I Blood Group System and i Antigen
Section 9. P1PK Blood Group System, Globoside Blood Group System, and Globoside Blood Group Collection
Section 10. MNS Blood Group System
4
and Transfusion Practices
FOURTH EDITION
Paula R. Howard, MS, MPH, MT(ASCP)SBB
Professional Education and Corporate Training, Training Program Design and eLearning Course
Development, Hobe Sound, Florida
http://paularhoward.com/
2
,Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Reviewers
Preface
Part I. Quality and Safety Issues
1. Quality Assurance and Regulation of the Blood Industry and Safety Issues in the Blood Bank
Section 1. Regulatory and Accrediting Agencies for Quality and Safety
Section 2. Quality Assurance and Good Manufacturing Practices
Section 3. Safety
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
Part II. Foundations: Basic Sciences and Reagents
2. Immunology: Basic Principles and Applications in the Blood Bank
Section 1. Characteristics Associated with Antigen–Antibody Reactions
Section 2. Characteristics Associated with Red Cell Antigen–Antibody Reactions
Section 3. Application of Red Cell Antigen–Antibody Reactions for Routine Testing in Immunohematology
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
3. Blood Banking Reagents: Overview and Applications
Section 1. Introduction to Blood Banking Reagents
Section 2. Commercial Antibody Reagents
Section 3. Reagent Red Cells
Section 4. Antiglobulin Test and Reagents
Section 5. Principles of Antibody Potentiators and Lectins
Section 6. Alternative Methods to the Tube Test
3
, Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
4. Genetic Principles in Blood Banking
Section 1. Blood Group Genetics
Section 2. Population Genetics
Section 3. Molecular Genetics
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
Part III. Overview of the Major Blood Groups
5. ABO and H Blood Group Systems and Secretor Status
Section 1. Historical Overview of ABO Blood Group System
Section 2. ABO and H Blood Group System Antigens
Section 3. Genetic Features of ABO Blood Group System
Section 4. ABO Blood Group System Antibodies
Section 5. ABO Blood Group System and Transfusion
Section 6. Recognition and Resolution of ABO Discrepancies
Section 7. Special Topics Related to ABO and H Blood Group Systems
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
6. Rh Blood Group System
Section 1. Historical Overview of the Discovery of the D Antigen
Section 2. Genetics, Biochemistry, and Terminology
Section 3. Antigens of the Rh Blood Group System
Section 4. Rh Antibodies
Section 5. LW Blood Group System
Chapter Summary
Critical Thinking Exercises
7. Other Red Cell Blood Group Systems, Human Leukocyte Antigens, and Platelet Antigens
Section 1. Why Study Other Blood Group Systems?
Section 2. Kell Blood Group System
Section 3. Kx Blood Group System
Section 4. Duffy Blood Group System
Section 5. Kidd Blood Group System
Section 6. Lutheran Blood Group System
Section 7. Lewis Blood Group System
Section 8. I Blood Group System and i Antigen
Section 9. P1PK Blood Group System, Globoside Blood Group System, and Globoside Blood Group Collection
Section 10. MNS Blood Group System
4
