FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING 2026-2027
EXAM PREPARATION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
LATEST!! 100% PASS
1. What are the five steps of the nursing process?
Answer:
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
2. What is the purpose of patient assessment?
Answer: Patient assessment helps collect information about a patient's physical,
psychological, social, and spiritual health to identify health problems and plan
appropriate care.
3. Define informed consent.
Answer: Informed consent is the voluntary agreement of a patient to undergo a
procedure after receiving adequate information about its risks, benefits, and
alternatives.
4. What are the standard precautions used in infection control?
Answer:
Hand hygiene
,Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Safe handling of sharps
Respiratory hygiene
Environmental cleaning
5. Why is accurate documentation important?
Answer: Accurate documentation ensures continuity of care, supports
communication among healthcare providers, provides legal protection, and
improves patient safety.
Anatomy and Physiology
6. What is the normal adult heart rate?
Answer: 60–100 beats per minute.
7. What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
Answer: 12–20 breaths per minute.
8. What are the four chambers of the heart?
Answer:
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
9. What is the function of red blood cells?
Answer: To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide
back to the lungs.
10. What is homeostasis?
, Answer: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
external changes.
Medical-Surgical Nursing
11. Define hypertension.
Answer: Hypertension is persistently elevated blood pressure, generally 140/90
mmHg or higher in many clinical contexts.
12. List three complications of uncontrolled hypertension.
Answer:
Stroke
Heart failure
Kidney disease
13. What are the common symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
Answer:
Excessive thirst
Frequent urination
Increased hunger
Fatigue
Blurred vision
14. What is hypoglycemia?
Answer: A blood glucose level below normal, often below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).
15. What are signs of hypoglycemia?
Answer:
EXAM PREPARATION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
LATEST!! 100% PASS
1. What are the five steps of the nursing process?
Answer:
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
2. What is the purpose of patient assessment?
Answer: Patient assessment helps collect information about a patient's physical,
psychological, social, and spiritual health to identify health problems and plan
appropriate care.
3. Define informed consent.
Answer: Informed consent is the voluntary agreement of a patient to undergo a
procedure after receiving adequate information about its risks, benefits, and
alternatives.
4. What are the standard precautions used in infection control?
Answer:
Hand hygiene
,Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Safe handling of sharps
Respiratory hygiene
Environmental cleaning
5. Why is accurate documentation important?
Answer: Accurate documentation ensures continuity of care, supports
communication among healthcare providers, provides legal protection, and
improves patient safety.
Anatomy and Physiology
6. What is the normal adult heart rate?
Answer: 60–100 beats per minute.
7. What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
Answer: 12–20 breaths per minute.
8. What are the four chambers of the heart?
Answer:
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
9. What is the function of red blood cells?
Answer: To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide
back to the lungs.
10. What is homeostasis?
, Answer: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
external changes.
Medical-Surgical Nursing
11. Define hypertension.
Answer: Hypertension is persistently elevated blood pressure, generally 140/90
mmHg or higher in many clinical contexts.
12. List three complications of uncontrolled hypertension.
Answer:
Stroke
Heart failure
Kidney disease
13. What are the common symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
Answer:
Excessive thirst
Frequent urination
Increased hunger
Fatigue
Blurred vision
14. What is hypoglycemia?
Answer: A blood glucose level below normal, often below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).
15. What are signs of hypoglycemia?
Answer:
