1. Structures, Functions, + Com- Body's first line of defense + largest organ system
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Skin (Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis), hair, nails,
System: oil glands + sweat
Support & Movement: Integu- Physiology: Protection, a barrier against pathogens + UV light.
mentary System Regulation, controlling the body's temperature by shiver-
ing/sweating. Sensation, detecting touch, pain + tempera-
ture
Common Disorders: Acne, inflammation of a sebaceous oil
gland or hair follicles. Melanoma, a type of skin cancer that
affects pigment-producing cells
2. Structures, Functions, + Com- Framework of the body
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: 206 bones (in adults), cartilage, ligaments (bone to
System: bone) + joints
Support & Movement: Skeletal Physiology: Support, provides structure for the body.
System Protection, encases vital organs (skull protects brain).
Hematopoiesis, producing blood cells in the bones marrow
Common Disorders: Osteoporosis, bones becoming brit-
tle/fragile due to loss of tissue. Arthritis, inflammation of one
or more joints causing pain and stiffness
3. Structures, Functions, + Com- Engine of the body
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Skeletal Muscle (attached to bone), smooth muscle
System: (organs), cardiac muscle (heart) + tendons (muscle to bone)
Support & Movement: Muscu- Physiology: Movement, voluntary (walking) + involuntary (di-
lar System gestion). Posture, maintains the body's position. Heat pro-
duction, muscles generate heat when contracted.
Common Disorders: Muscle Dystrophy, genetic disease caus-
ing progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. Ten-
donitis, inflammation of a joint usually by overuse.
4.
, Structures, Functions, + Com- Body's electrical wiring + control center
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Central (CNS), brain + spinal cord. Peripheral (PHS),
System: nerves and sensory receptors. Unit, the neuron (nerve cell)
Control + Regulation: Nervous Physiology: Sensory Input, gathers information from inside
System and outside of the body. Intergration, processes and inter-
prets sensory input. Motor output, activates effector organs
(muscles/glands) to cause a response
Common Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis, immune system eats
away at the protective covering of the nerve. Alzheimer's Dis-
ease, progressive disease that destroys memory and mental
functions
5. Structures, Functions, + Com- Chemical Messenger System
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Glands (Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas +
System: Ovaries/Testes)
Control + Regulation: En- Physiology: Hormone Secretion, releases hormones in the
docrine System blood stream that regulates metabolism, growth, sleep
+ mood. Homeostasis, maintaining internal balance (high
blood sugar levels)
Common Disorders: Diabetes Mellitus, body can't produce
or use insulin effectively, leading to high blood sugar. Hy-
pothyroidism, thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid
hormone, causing slow metabolism
6. Structures, Functions, + Com- Transportation Highway
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins + capillaries),
System: blood (red cells, white cells, platelets, plasma)
Control + Regulation: Cardio- Physiology: Transport, delivers oxygen + nutrients to cells,
vascular Circulatory System removing carbon dioxide and waste. Regulation, maintaining
PH levels + body temperature
Common Disorders: Hypertension, high blood pressure, forc-
, ing the heart to work harder. Atherosclerosis, hardening of the
arteries due to plaque buildup, leading to heart attacks
7. Structures, Functions, + Com- Drainage + Defense
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus,
System: tonsils + white blood cells
Control + Regulation: Lym- Physiology: Fluid balance, returns leaked fluids from tissue
phatic + Immune System back in the blood. Immunity, indentifies and kills pathogens
(bacteria, viruses) and tumor cells.
Common Disorders: Lymphdema, swelling caused by block-
age in the lymphatic system. Autoimmune Disease, immune
system mistakenly eats away healthy body tissue
8. Structures, Functions, + Com- Gas exchange System
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alve-
System: oli + diaphragm
Energy, Waste and Exchange: Physiology: Gas exchange, supplies blood with oxygen + re-
Respiratory System moves carbon dioxide. Vocalization, produces sound via the
larynx.
Common Disorders: Asthma, airways narrow + swell + may
produce extra mucus. Pneumonia, infection that inflames air
sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs
9. Structures, Functions, + Com- Food processing plant
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
System: intestine, liver, pancreas + gallbladder
Energy, Waste and Exchange: Physiology: Ingestion + Digestion, breaking down food me-
Digestion System chanically + chemically. Absorption, nutrients pass from the
intestine into the blood. Elimination, expulsion of indigestible
waste
Common Disorders: GERD (Acid reflux), stomach acid fre-
quently flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Skin (Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis), hair, nails,
System: oil glands + sweat
Support & Movement: Integu- Physiology: Protection, a barrier against pathogens + UV light.
mentary System Regulation, controlling the body's temperature by shiver-
ing/sweating. Sensation, detecting touch, pain + tempera-
ture
Common Disorders: Acne, inflammation of a sebaceous oil
gland or hair follicles. Melanoma, a type of skin cancer that
affects pigment-producing cells
2. Structures, Functions, + Com- Framework of the body
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: 206 bones (in adults), cartilage, ligaments (bone to
System: bone) + joints
Support & Movement: Skeletal Physiology: Support, provides structure for the body.
System Protection, encases vital organs (skull protects brain).
Hematopoiesis, producing blood cells in the bones marrow
Common Disorders: Osteoporosis, bones becoming brit-
tle/fragile due to loss of tissue. Arthritis, inflammation of one
or more joints causing pain and stiffness
3. Structures, Functions, + Com- Engine of the body
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Skeletal Muscle (attached to bone), smooth muscle
System: (organs), cardiac muscle (heart) + tendons (muscle to bone)
Support & Movement: Muscu- Physiology: Movement, voluntary (walking) + involuntary (di-
lar System gestion). Posture, maintains the body's position. Heat pro-
duction, muscles generate heat when contracted.
Common Disorders: Muscle Dystrophy, genetic disease caus-
ing progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. Ten-
donitis, inflammation of a joint usually by overuse.
4.
, Structures, Functions, + Com- Body's electrical wiring + control center
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Central (CNS), brain + spinal cord. Peripheral (PHS),
System: nerves and sensory receptors. Unit, the neuron (nerve cell)
Control + Regulation: Nervous Physiology: Sensory Input, gathers information from inside
System and outside of the body. Intergration, processes and inter-
prets sensory input. Motor output, activates effector organs
(muscles/glands) to cause a response
Common Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis, immune system eats
away at the protective covering of the nerve. Alzheimer's Dis-
ease, progressive disease that destroys memory and mental
functions
5. Structures, Functions, + Com- Chemical Messenger System
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Glands (Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas +
System: Ovaries/Testes)
Control + Regulation: En- Physiology: Hormone Secretion, releases hormones in the
docrine System blood stream that regulates metabolism, growth, sleep
+ mood. Homeostasis, maintaining internal balance (high
blood sugar levels)
Common Disorders: Diabetes Mellitus, body can't produce
or use insulin effectively, leading to high blood sugar. Hy-
pothyroidism, thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid
hormone, causing slow metabolism
6. Structures, Functions, + Com- Transportation Highway
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins + capillaries),
System: blood (red cells, white cells, platelets, plasma)
Control + Regulation: Cardio- Physiology: Transport, delivers oxygen + nutrients to cells,
vascular Circulatory System removing carbon dioxide and waste. Regulation, maintaining
PH levels + body temperature
Common Disorders: Hypertension, high blood pressure, forc-
, ing the heart to work harder. Atherosclerosis, hardening of the
arteries due to plaque buildup, leading to heart attacks
7. Structures, Functions, + Com- Drainage + Defense
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus,
System: tonsils + white blood cells
Control + Regulation: Lym- Physiology: Fluid balance, returns leaked fluids from tissue
phatic + Immune System back in the blood. Immunity, indentifies and kills pathogens
(bacteria, viruses) and tumor cells.
Common Disorders: Lymphdema, swelling caused by block-
age in the lymphatic system. Autoimmune Disease, immune
system mistakenly eats away healthy body tissue
8. Structures, Functions, + Com- Gas exchange System
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alve-
System: oli + diaphragm
Energy, Waste and Exchange: Physiology: Gas exchange, supplies blood with oxygen + re-
Respiratory System moves carbon dioxide. Vocalization, produces sound via the
larynx.
Common Disorders: Asthma, airways narrow + swell + may
produce extra mucus. Pneumonia, infection that inflames air
sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs
9. Structures, Functions, + Com- Food processing plant
mon Disorders of Each Body Anatomy: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
System: intestine, liver, pancreas + gallbladder
Energy, Waste and Exchange: Physiology: Ingestion + Digestion, breaking down food me-
Digestion System chanically + chemically. Absorption, nutrients pass from the
intestine into the blood. Elimination, expulsion of indigestible
waste
Common Disorders: GERD (Acid reflux), stomach acid fre-
quently flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and
