MMSC438 UPDATED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PREMIUM
REVIEW SHEET
●● Antimicrobial agent
Answer: Chemical compounds to kill or suppress microorganisms
●● Prophylaxis
Answer: Use of a drug to prevent infection of a person at risk
●● Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Answer: The use of drugs to control infection
●● Antimicrobials
Answer: All inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of its
origin
●● Synthetic
Answer: drugs produced entirely by chemical reactions
●● Semisynthetic
,Answer: drugs that are chemically modified in the lab after being
isolated from natural sources
●● Spectrum
Answer: Narrow and Broad
●● Narrow spectrum
Answer: antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial
types
●● Selective toxicity
Answer: Toxic to the microbe but nontoxic to host cells
●● Intrinsic resistance
Answer: Naturally found in bacteria (chromosomal)
●● Acquired resistance
Answer: Acquired from exogenous DNA (plasmid or through
conjugation)
●● MDR
,Answer: Withstand the toxic effects of antimicrobial agents, utilize
acquired mechanisms to mobilize and disseminate genes to aid in
resistance
●● Two basic targets of antibiotics
Answer: Cell wall, Metabolic functions
●● Antibiotics target bacterial cells by interruption of basic metabolic
functions such as
Answer: Protein synthesis, Nucleic acid metabolism, Inhibition of
essential metabolites
●● Goals of chemotherapy
Answer: disrupt the structure or function of an organism to the point
where it can no longer survive
●● Antimicrobial drug categories
Answer: inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid
structure and function, inhibition of the ribosome in protein synthesis,
interference with cytoplasmic membrane structure or function, inhibition
of folic acid synthesis
●● Penicillins G and V
, Answer: most important natural forms used to treat gram positive cocci,
some gram negative bacteria
●● Ampicillin, carbenicillin, amoxicillin
Answer: have broad spectra of action, semisynthetic, used against gram
negative enteric rods
●● Methicillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin
Answer: useful in treating infections caused by penicillinase producing
bacteria (enzymes capable of destroying the beta lactam ring of
penicillin
●● Clavulanic acid
Answer: inhibits beta lactamase enzymes, added to penicillins to
increase their efectiveness in the presence of penicillinase producing
bacteria
●● Penicillin G
Answer: Narrow, Best drug of choice when bacteria are sensitive; low
cost; low toxicity Can be hydrolyzed by penicillinase; allergies occur;
requires injection
●● Penicillin V
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PREMIUM
REVIEW SHEET
●● Antimicrobial agent
Answer: Chemical compounds to kill or suppress microorganisms
●● Prophylaxis
Answer: Use of a drug to prevent infection of a person at risk
●● Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Answer: The use of drugs to control infection
●● Antimicrobials
Answer: All inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of its
origin
●● Synthetic
Answer: drugs produced entirely by chemical reactions
●● Semisynthetic
,Answer: drugs that are chemically modified in the lab after being
isolated from natural sources
●● Spectrum
Answer: Narrow and Broad
●● Narrow spectrum
Answer: antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial
types
●● Selective toxicity
Answer: Toxic to the microbe but nontoxic to host cells
●● Intrinsic resistance
Answer: Naturally found in bacteria (chromosomal)
●● Acquired resistance
Answer: Acquired from exogenous DNA (plasmid or through
conjugation)
●● MDR
,Answer: Withstand the toxic effects of antimicrobial agents, utilize
acquired mechanisms to mobilize and disseminate genes to aid in
resistance
●● Two basic targets of antibiotics
Answer: Cell wall, Metabolic functions
●● Antibiotics target bacterial cells by interruption of basic metabolic
functions such as
Answer: Protein synthesis, Nucleic acid metabolism, Inhibition of
essential metabolites
●● Goals of chemotherapy
Answer: disrupt the structure or function of an organism to the point
where it can no longer survive
●● Antimicrobial drug categories
Answer: inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid
structure and function, inhibition of the ribosome in protein synthesis,
interference with cytoplasmic membrane structure or function, inhibition
of folic acid synthesis
●● Penicillins G and V
, Answer: most important natural forms used to treat gram positive cocci,
some gram negative bacteria
●● Ampicillin, carbenicillin, amoxicillin
Answer: have broad spectra of action, semisynthetic, used against gram
negative enteric rods
●● Methicillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin
Answer: useful in treating infections caused by penicillinase producing
bacteria (enzymes capable of destroying the beta lactam ring of
penicillin
●● Clavulanic acid
Answer: inhibits beta lactamase enzymes, added to penicillins to
increase their efectiveness in the presence of penicillinase producing
bacteria
●● Penicillin G
Answer: Narrow, Best drug of choice when bacteria are sensitive; low
cost; low toxicity Can be hydrolyzed by penicillinase; allergies occur;
requires injection
●● Penicillin V
