MMSC438 EXAMPREP VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS COMPLETE
LEARNING PACKAGE
●● male genital tract normal biota
Answer: -CoNS
-corynebacterium spp.
-mycobacterium smegmatis
●● female genital tract normal biota (pre-puberty and post-menopausal)
Answer: -staphylococci
-corynebacterium spp.
●● female genital tract normal biota (reproductive age)
Answer: -lactobacilli are predominant
●● predisposed to STI
Answer: -sexually active
-multiple sexual partners
-unsafe sexual practices (no contraceptives, etc.)
-medical devices (IUD, etc.)
,●● STI transmission
Answer: organisms are passed from an infected individual or
asymptomatic carrier to an uninfected individual
-sexual contact: organisms enter mucosal or squamous epithelium of the
vagina, cervix, rectum or oropharynx
-vertical transmission: organisms spread from mother to fetus during
pregnancy or delivery
-blood: pathogens in genital tract get into circulation
-genital secretions: contain pathogens
●● urethritis and cervicitis (causative agents)
Answer: -chlamydia trachomatis (serovars D to K)
-neisseria gonorrhea
-mycoplasma hominis
-mycoplasma genitalium
-ureaplasma urealyticum
-streptococcus agalactiae
●● genital discharge (causative agents)
Answer: -candida albicans
-trichomonas vaginalis
-gardnerella vaginalis and mobiluncus
,●● genital ulcers (causative agents)
Answer: -herpes simplex virus
-treponema pallidum
-klebsiella granulomatis
-haemophilus ducreyi
-chlamydia trachomatis (serovars L1, L2 and L2)
●● genital warts and cancer (causative agents)
Answer: -human papillomavirus (HPV)
●● immunodeficiency disease (causative agents)
Answer: -human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2
●● chlamydia trachomatis (serovars D to K)
Answer: -mucopurulent vaginitis, urethritis and cervicitis
-nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
-pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if left untreated
-asymptomatic infections are common, more common in women
-most commonly transmitted STI in the US
-OIP that cannot be seen on gram stain because it has to be inside of
human cells
, ●● mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma
urealyticum
Answer: -mucopurulent vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis
-nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
-bacteria have no cell wall, so ß-lactam drugs are not an effective
treatment
●● neisseria gonorrhoeae (diseases)
Answer: -mucopurulent vaginitis, urethritis, and cervicitis
-*gonococcal urethritis* (gonorrhea)
-PID: if untreated
-disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI): untreated infection gets into
circulation leading to rash and septic arthritis
-asymptomatic infections common in women
-FIP, may be inside or outside of human cells
●● neisseria gonorrhoeae (identification)
Answer: -gram negative diplococci (tends to be intracellular, FIP)
-oxidase +
-superoxol +
-glucose + (only uses 1 carbohydrate)
-NAAT is best diagnosis
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS COMPLETE
LEARNING PACKAGE
●● male genital tract normal biota
Answer: -CoNS
-corynebacterium spp.
-mycobacterium smegmatis
●● female genital tract normal biota (pre-puberty and post-menopausal)
Answer: -staphylococci
-corynebacterium spp.
●● female genital tract normal biota (reproductive age)
Answer: -lactobacilli are predominant
●● predisposed to STI
Answer: -sexually active
-multiple sexual partners
-unsafe sexual practices (no contraceptives, etc.)
-medical devices (IUD, etc.)
,●● STI transmission
Answer: organisms are passed from an infected individual or
asymptomatic carrier to an uninfected individual
-sexual contact: organisms enter mucosal or squamous epithelium of the
vagina, cervix, rectum or oropharynx
-vertical transmission: organisms spread from mother to fetus during
pregnancy or delivery
-blood: pathogens in genital tract get into circulation
-genital secretions: contain pathogens
●● urethritis and cervicitis (causative agents)
Answer: -chlamydia trachomatis (serovars D to K)
-neisseria gonorrhea
-mycoplasma hominis
-mycoplasma genitalium
-ureaplasma urealyticum
-streptococcus agalactiae
●● genital discharge (causative agents)
Answer: -candida albicans
-trichomonas vaginalis
-gardnerella vaginalis and mobiluncus
,●● genital ulcers (causative agents)
Answer: -herpes simplex virus
-treponema pallidum
-klebsiella granulomatis
-haemophilus ducreyi
-chlamydia trachomatis (serovars L1, L2 and L2)
●● genital warts and cancer (causative agents)
Answer: -human papillomavirus (HPV)
●● immunodeficiency disease (causative agents)
Answer: -human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2
●● chlamydia trachomatis (serovars D to K)
Answer: -mucopurulent vaginitis, urethritis and cervicitis
-nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
-pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if left untreated
-asymptomatic infections are common, more common in women
-most commonly transmitted STI in the US
-OIP that cannot be seen on gram stain because it has to be inside of
human cells
, ●● mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma
urealyticum
Answer: -mucopurulent vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis
-nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
-bacteria have no cell wall, so ß-lactam drugs are not an effective
treatment
●● neisseria gonorrhoeae (diseases)
Answer: -mucopurulent vaginitis, urethritis, and cervicitis
-*gonococcal urethritis* (gonorrhea)
-PID: if untreated
-disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI): untreated infection gets into
circulation leading to rash and septic arthritis
-asymptomatic infections common in women
-FIP, may be inside or outside of human cells
●● neisseria gonorrhoeae (identification)
Answer: -gram negative diplococci (tends to be intracellular, FIP)
-oxidase +
-superoxol +
-glucose + (only uses 1 carbohydrate)
-NAAT is best diagnosis
