NR507 / NR 507 Advanced
Pathophysiology Final Test Review |
Questions & Answers | Latest
Update | 100% Correct -
Chamberlain
Question:
role of hypothalamus in regulating hormones
Answer:
o Located just above the brainstem and connected to pituitary gland.
o Coordinates function of endocrine glands (key control center for
homeostasis)
o Produces and releases hormones that stimulate or inhibit secretion of
hormones in pituitary gland
o Hypothalamus plays role in regulating body
§ autonomic functions: Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature,
respirations
§ hunger, thirst, emotional responses, circadian rhythm
The hypothalamus regulates hormones by producing releasing or inhibiting
hormones that act on the pituitary gland, or by directly releasing hormones
like ADH and oxytocin from its posterior pituitary extension. These
hypothalamic hormones then trigger or suppress the anterior pituitary's
,release of other hormones, which travel to target glands like the adrenal,
thyroid, and reproductive organs to control functions such as growth,
stress response, and milk production
Question:
pathophysiology of hypothyroidism
Answer:
o underactive thyroid gland that is synthesizing insufficient amounts of
thyroid hormones.
o Primary hypothyroidism (thyroid malfunction) is a loss of function causing
decreased thyroid hormone production, increased TSH and TRH secretion.
Most caused by autoimmune disease, thyroidectomy, iodine deficiency.
o Secondary hypothyroidism is caused by pituitary gland failure or
dysfunction in producing TSH.
,Question:
pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism
Answer:
o Caused by increased thyroid hormone levels from dysfunction of pituitary
hormone, thyroid gland, adenoma, or ingestion of stimulating substance.
o Primary hyperthyroidism is dysfunction in thyroid associated with
medication side effects or toxicity. Autoimmune Grave's disease, toxic
multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma
o Secondary hyperthyroidism is due to TSH secreting pituitary gland
adenoma.
Question:
treatment of hypothyroidism
Answer:
o Levothyroxine: Hormone replacement therapy
o Goal is to reach euthymic range. Can take up to six weeks.
o Dosage based on pt's age, weight, health, and severity of
hypothyroidism.
o Once in correct range, begin testing annually.
, Question:
treatment of hyperthyroidism
Answer:
o Antithyroid medications: Methimazole or propylthiouracil (Pre-op
management)
o Radioactive iodine therapy: taken in pill or liquid form. Accumulates in
thyroid and eradicates thyroid cells. Often used after thyroidectomy or
removal of thyroid cancer
o Partial or total thyroidectomy: use when meds or RAI therapy doesn't
work
o Beta-blockers: propranolol used to manage symptoms of rapid heart rate,
tremors, anxiety
o Ophthalmic care: lubricating eye drops
Question:
Hashimoto's disease
Answer:
o Most common cause of primary hypothyroidism.
o Results from gradual inflammatory destruction of thyroid tissue. May
start as hyper, changes to hypo
Pathophysiology Final Test Review |
Questions & Answers | Latest
Update | 100% Correct -
Chamberlain
Question:
role of hypothalamus in regulating hormones
Answer:
o Located just above the brainstem and connected to pituitary gland.
o Coordinates function of endocrine glands (key control center for
homeostasis)
o Produces and releases hormones that stimulate or inhibit secretion of
hormones in pituitary gland
o Hypothalamus plays role in regulating body
§ autonomic functions: Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature,
respirations
§ hunger, thirst, emotional responses, circadian rhythm
The hypothalamus regulates hormones by producing releasing or inhibiting
hormones that act on the pituitary gland, or by directly releasing hormones
like ADH and oxytocin from its posterior pituitary extension. These
hypothalamic hormones then trigger or suppress the anterior pituitary's
,release of other hormones, which travel to target glands like the adrenal,
thyroid, and reproductive organs to control functions such as growth,
stress response, and milk production
Question:
pathophysiology of hypothyroidism
Answer:
o underactive thyroid gland that is synthesizing insufficient amounts of
thyroid hormones.
o Primary hypothyroidism (thyroid malfunction) is a loss of function causing
decreased thyroid hormone production, increased TSH and TRH secretion.
Most caused by autoimmune disease, thyroidectomy, iodine deficiency.
o Secondary hypothyroidism is caused by pituitary gland failure or
dysfunction in producing TSH.
,Question:
pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism
Answer:
o Caused by increased thyroid hormone levels from dysfunction of pituitary
hormone, thyroid gland, adenoma, or ingestion of stimulating substance.
o Primary hyperthyroidism is dysfunction in thyroid associated with
medication side effects or toxicity. Autoimmune Grave's disease, toxic
multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma
o Secondary hyperthyroidism is due to TSH secreting pituitary gland
adenoma.
Question:
treatment of hypothyroidism
Answer:
o Levothyroxine: Hormone replacement therapy
o Goal is to reach euthymic range. Can take up to six weeks.
o Dosage based on pt's age, weight, health, and severity of
hypothyroidism.
o Once in correct range, begin testing annually.
, Question:
treatment of hyperthyroidism
Answer:
o Antithyroid medications: Methimazole or propylthiouracil (Pre-op
management)
o Radioactive iodine therapy: taken in pill or liquid form. Accumulates in
thyroid and eradicates thyroid cells. Often used after thyroidectomy or
removal of thyroid cancer
o Partial or total thyroidectomy: use when meds or RAI therapy doesn't
work
o Beta-blockers: propranolol used to manage symptoms of rapid heart rate,
tremors, anxiety
o Ophthalmic care: lubricating eye drops
Question:
Hashimoto's disease
Answer:
o Most common cause of primary hypothyroidism.
o Results from gradual inflammatory destruction of thyroid tissue. May
start as hyper, changes to hypo
