NU 327 Exam 5 with answers
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What is dysphagia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔difficulty swallowing
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What are the main clinical consequences of dysphagia? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔> malnutrition
|\ |\ |\
> aspiration
|\
Clinical manifestations of dysphagia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔>
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Pain with swallowing
|\ |\
> Choking/aspiration
|\
> Malnutrition
|\
> Weight loss
|\ |\
Treatments for dysphagia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔> "Thickener"
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Aspiration precautions
|\ |\
> Positioning
|\
> Surgical correction
|\ |\
Esophageal pain etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Two types:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Pyrosis (heartburn)
|\ |\
,> Pain in the middle of the chest
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Mimics Angina Pectoris |\ |\
May radiate |\
Pathogenesis of esophageal pain - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reflux
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of gastric contents (acid) into esophagus
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Pyrosis
|\
Esophageal distention |\
Powerful esophageal muscle contraction |\ |\ |\
> Chest pain
|\ |\
Clinical manifestations of esophageal pain - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔> Chest pain |\ |\
> Shortness of breath
|\ |\ |\
> Retrosternal burning
|\ |\
> Water brash (regurgitation of sour fluid or tasteless saliva into
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the mouth-hypersalivation)
|\
> Nausea
|\
Esophageal pain treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔> prevention
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> causative agent specific
|\ |\ |\
,Diarrhea etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase in frequency
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and fluidity of bowel movements
|\ |\ |\ |\
Acute
> Infection
|\
> Stress
|\
> Food allergy
|\ |\
> Leakage of stool around an impaction
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Chronic
> Greater than 4 weeks
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> Malabsorption
|\
> Chronic infection
|\ |\
Pathogenesis of diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Motility
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disturbance
> Decreased contact time of chyme with small intestine
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Absorptive capacity in large intestine is exceeded
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Exudative
> Inflammatory processes
|\ |\
> Mucous
|\
, > Blood
|\
> Protein
|\
Secretory
> Toxins that stimulate intestinal fluid secretion and impair
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
absorption
> Staphylococcus aureus
|\ |\
Osmotic
> Increased amounts of poorly absorbed solutes in the intestine
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cause sodium and water influx
|\ |\ |\ |\
Etiology of constipation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔> Small,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
infrequent, or difficult bowel movements
|\ |\ |\ |\
> Fewer then 3 stools per week
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Low fiber diet
|\ |\ |\
> Lack of exercise
|\ |\ |\
> Slow peristalsis (elderly, postoperatively, narcotics)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Can lead to impaction
|\ |\ |\ |\
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) etiology - cause -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔> Backward flow of gastric contents into
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
esophagus
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is dysphagia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔difficulty swallowing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the main clinical consequences of dysphagia? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔> malnutrition
|\ |\ |\
> aspiration
|\
Clinical manifestations of dysphagia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔>
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Pain with swallowing
|\ |\
> Choking/aspiration
|\
> Malnutrition
|\
> Weight loss
|\ |\
Treatments for dysphagia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔> "Thickener"
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Aspiration precautions
|\ |\
> Positioning
|\
> Surgical correction
|\ |\
Esophageal pain etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Two types:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Pyrosis (heartburn)
|\ |\
,> Pain in the middle of the chest
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Mimics Angina Pectoris |\ |\
May radiate |\
Pathogenesis of esophageal pain - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reflux
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of gastric contents (acid) into esophagus
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Pyrosis
|\
Esophageal distention |\
Powerful esophageal muscle contraction |\ |\ |\
> Chest pain
|\ |\
Clinical manifestations of esophageal pain - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔> Chest pain |\ |\
> Shortness of breath
|\ |\ |\
> Retrosternal burning
|\ |\
> Water brash (regurgitation of sour fluid or tasteless saliva into
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the mouth-hypersalivation)
|\
> Nausea
|\
Esophageal pain treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔> prevention
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> causative agent specific
|\ |\ |\
,Diarrhea etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase in frequency
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and fluidity of bowel movements
|\ |\ |\ |\
Acute
> Infection
|\
> Stress
|\
> Food allergy
|\ |\
> Leakage of stool around an impaction
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Chronic
> Greater than 4 weeks
|\ |\ |\ |\
> Malabsorption
|\
> Chronic infection
|\ |\
Pathogenesis of diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Motility
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disturbance
> Decreased contact time of chyme with small intestine
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Absorptive capacity in large intestine is exceeded
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Exudative
> Inflammatory processes
|\ |\
> Mucous
|\
, > Blood
|\
> Protein
|\
Secretory
> Toxins that stimulate intestinal fluid secretion and impair
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
absorption
> Staphylococcus aureus
|\ |\
Osmotic
> Increased amounts of poorly absorbed solutes in the intestine
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cause sodium and water influx
|\ |\ |\ |\
Etiology of constipation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔> Small,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
infrequent, or difficult bowel movements
|\ |\ |\ |\
> Fewer then 3 stools per week
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Low fiber diet
|\ |\ |\
> Lack of exercise
|\ |\ |\
> Slow peristalsis (elderly, postoperatively, narcotics)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> Can lead to impaction
|\ |\ |\ |\
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) etiology - cause -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔> Backward flow of gastric contents into
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
esophagus
