NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and
Pharmacology for the Nurse Educator LATEST EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
VERIFIED ANSWERS | JUST RELEASED!!Grand Canyon
University
Musculoskeletal: NSAIDS
NSAIDS have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activity.
The NSAID which is considered safe to use by individuals with heart
disease is naproxen.
Acetaminophen
analgesic and anti-pyretic activity, but not anti-inflammatory activity
Gout
hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis,
characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the
joints; treated with antigout drugs (e.g., allopurinol, colchicine,
febuxostat) and uricosuric drugs (probenecid, sulfinpyrazone).
The only drugs that directly work on the pathophysiological
causes of gout are allopurinol and febuxostat.
,`Gout
Renal calculi can occur as a comorbid condition in patients with
gout.
Colchicine
reduces the inflammatory response seen in gout, reduces the
pain in an acute gout attack, but does not stop gout from
developing into chronic gouty arthritis. Colchicine efficacy is
affected by its incidence of adverse effects.
Xanthine oxidase
Xanthine oxidase is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type
of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These
enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine
and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid.
Allopurinol treats chronic gout by decreasing uric acid
production by inhibiting this substance.
,Urate lowering therapy (ULT)
can initiate an acute gouty attack; concomitant colchicine, NSAIDS
or corticosteroids are used with ULT drugs to decrease the
incidence of ULT-induced acute gouty attacks.
Allopurinol
the agent of choice for individuals with gout and high serum
urate levels with underlying renal dysfunction, history of
tophaceous gout, or urinary calculi.
Acute gouty attacks
are treated preferentially with NSAIDS e.g., indomethacin, ibuprofen,
naproxen, sulindac).
NSAIDs
can cause GI bleeding (indicated by darkening of stools and
epigastric pain); one recommendation is switch to a COX-2 inhibitor
(i.e., celecoxib).
ankylosing spondylitis
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation
of the joints between the vertebrae; a chronic inflammatory joint
disease characterized by fusion and stiffening of the spine and
, sacroiliac joints.
Acetaminophen overdose
May cause acute liver disorders (e.g., acute hepatitis, hepatotoxicity);
liver failure
Osteoblasts
bone forming cells
Osteoclasts are
cells that break down bone matrix; reabsorb bone tissue
Osteomalacia/rickets
a condition of insufficient bone mineralization (softening of bone r/t
vit D deficiency)
Pharmacology for the Nurse Educator LATEST EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
VERIFIED ANSWERS | JUST RELEASED!!Grand Canyon
University
Musculoskeletal: NSAIDS
NSAIDS have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activity.
The NSAID which is considered safe to use by individuals with heart
disease is naproxen.
Acetaminophen
analgesic and anti-pyretic activity, but not anti-inflammatory activity
Gout
hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis,
characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the
joints; treated with antigout drugs (e.g., allopurinol, colchicine,
febuxostat) and uricosuric drugs (probenecid, sulfinpyrazone).
The only drugs that directly work on the pathophysiological
causes of gout are allopurinol and febuxostat.
,`Gout
Renal calculi can occur as a comorbid condition in patients with
gout.
Colchicine
reduces the inflammatory response seen in gout, reduces the
pain in an acute gout attack, but does not stop gout from
developing into chronic gouty arthritis. Colchicine efficacy is
affected by its incidence of adverse effects.
Xanthine oxidase
Xanthine oxidase is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type
of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These
enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine
and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid.
Allopurinol treats chronic gout by decreasing uric acid
production by inhibiting this substance.
,Urate lowering therapy (ULT)
can initiate an acute gouty attack; concomitant colchicine, NSAIDS
or corticosteroids are used with ULT drugs to decrease the
incidence of ULT-induced acute gouty attacks.
Allopurinol
the agent of choice for individuals with gout and high serum
urate levels with underlying renal dysfunction, history of
tophaceous gout, or urinary calculi.
Acute gouty attacks
are treated preferentially with NSAIDS e.g., indomethacin, ibuprofen,
naproxen, sulindac).
NSAIDs
can cause GI bleeding (indicated by darkening of stools and
epigastric pain); one recommendation is switch to a COX-2 inhibitor
(i.e., celecoxib).
ankylosing spondylitis
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation
of the joints between the vertebrae; a chronic inflammatory joint
disease characterized by fusion and stiffening of the spine and
, sacroiliac joints.
Acetaminophen overdose
May cause acute liver disorders (e.g., acute hepatitis, hepatotoxicity);
liver failure
Osteoblasts
bone forming cells
Osteoclasts are
cells that break down bone matrix; reabsorb bone tissue
Osteomalacia/rickets
a condition of insufficient bone mineralization (softening of bone r/t
vit D deficiency)
