University Psychology
LANIF · 101 YSP
ψ
Department
College of Arts & Sciences
UNIVERSITY
LUX ET VERITAS
PSY 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
CO M P R E H E N S I V E PSYC H O LO G Y R E V I E W — K E Y F I G U R E S , CO N C E PTS & T H E O R I E S
INSTITUTION [UNVERIFIED] University PROGRAM Undergraduate — Introduction to
Psychology Department Psychology
COURSE CODE PSY 101 COURSE TITLE Introduction to Psychology
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE PSY 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
TOTAL QUESTIONS 94 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise instructed.
▸ Key figures, psychological theories, definitions, and landmark experiments are all testable content.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question for study purposes.
▸ All content is derived from PSY 101 course materials.
, SECTION I — KEY FIGURES, THEORIES, DEFINITIONS &
Questions 1 – 94
LANDMARK STUDIES
1. Who is Sigmund Freud and what did he contribute to psychology?
A. The founder of behaviorism who studied observable behavior
B. The founder of psychoanalysis who created psychoanalytic theory
C. The founder of humanistic psychology who developed the hierarchy of needs
D. The founder of cognitive psychology who studied memory
CORRECT ANSWER B — The founder of psychoanalysis who created psychoanalytic theory
RATIONALE Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious drives,
childhood experiences, and internal conflicts as determinants of behavior.
Behaviorism (A) was founded by Watson/Skinner. Humanistic psychology (C) by
Maslow/Rogers.
2. Define cognitive psychology.
A. The study of observable behavior and environmental conditioning
B. The study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions
C. The study of unconscious drives and conflicts
D. The study of brain structures and neurotransmitters
CORRECT ANSWER B — The study of cognitions (thoughts) and their relationship to
experiences and actions
RATIONALE Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes — how people perceive,
process, store, and retrieve information. Observable behavior (A) is behaviorism.
Unconscious drives (C) is psychoanalysis. Brain structures (D) is
biological/neuroscience.
,3. What is Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment known for demonstrating?
A. The power of social roles, social norms, and scripts on behavior
B. The effectiveness of operant conditioning on learning
C. The stages of cognitive development in children
D. The hierarchy of human needs
CORRECT ANSWER A — The power of social roles, social norms, and scripts on behavior
RATIONALE The Stanford Prison Experiment randomly assigned participants as guards or
prisoners. Both groups quickly internalized their roles — guards became sadistic,
prisoners became passive and distressed. The study was terminated after 6 days.
4. Define the id in Freud's personality theory.
A. The moral compass or conscience
B. The aspect of personality consisting of our most primitive drives, including impulses for
hunger, thirst, and sex
C. The part of personality visible to others
D. The rational, decision-making component
CORRECT ANSWER B — Primitive drives including hunger, thirst, and sex
RATIONALE The id operates on the pleasure principle — seeking immediate gratification of
basic biological urges. The superego (A) is the moral compass. The ego (C, D)
mediates between id and superego on the reality principle.
, 5. What is the most strongly predictive factor of overall job satisfaction?
A. Salary and benefits
B. The work-content factor including variety, difficulty level, and role clarity
C. Commute time
D. Coworker relationships only
CORRECT ANSWER B — Work-content factor: variety, difficulty level, and role clarity
RATIONALE Research shows the nature of the work itself — meaningfulness, variety,
challenge, and clear expectations — is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction,
outweighing salary (A) and other external factors.
6. Define confirmation bias.
A. Fixating on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution
B. Tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs
C. Stereotyping someone without a valid basis
D. Relying too heavily on one's own perspective
CORRECT ANSWER B — Tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs
RATIONALE Confirmation bias leads people to seek, interpret, and remember information
that supports pre-existing beliefs while dismissing contradictory evidence.
Anchoring bias (A) fixates on one aspect. Representative bias (C) involves
stereotyping.
LANIF · 101 YSP
ψ
Department
College of Arts & Sciences
UNIVERSITY
LUX ET VERITAS
PSY 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
CO M P R E H E N S I V E PSYC H O LO G Y R E V I E W — K E Y F I G U R E S , CO N C E PTS & T H E O R I E S
INSTITUTION [UNVERIFIED] University PROGRAM Undergraduate — Introduction to
Psychology Department Psychology
COURSE CODE PSY 101 COURSE TITLE Introduction to Psychology
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE PSY 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
TOTAL QUESTIONS 94 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise instructed.
▸ Key figures, psychological theories, definitions, and landmark experiments are all testable content.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question for study purposes.
▸ All content is derived from PSY 101 course materials.
, SECTION I — KEY FIGURES, THEORIES, DEFINITIONS &
Questions 1 – 94
LANDMARK STUDIES
1. Who is Sigmund Freud and what did he contribute to psychology?
A. The founder of behaviorism who studied observable behavior
B. The founder of psychoanalysis who created psychoanalytic theory
C. The founder of humanistic psychology who developed the hierarchy of needs
D. The founder of cognitive psychology who studied memory
CORRECT ANSWER B — The founder of psychoanalysis who created psychoanalytic theory
RATIONALE Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious drives,
childhood experiences, and internal conflicts as determinants of behavior.
Behaviorism (A) was founded by Watson/Skinner. Humanistic psychology (C) by
Maslow/Rogers.
2. Define cognitive psychology.
A. The study of observable behavior and environmental conditioning
B. The study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions
C. The study of unconscious drives and conflicts
D. The study of brain structures and neurotransmitters
CORRECT ANSWER B — The study of cognitions (thoughts) and their relationship to
experiences and actions
RATIONALE Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes — how people perceive,
process, store, and retrieve information. Observable behavior (A) is behaviorism.
Unconscious drives (C) is psychoanalysis. Brain structures (D) is
biological/neuroscience.
,3. What is Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment known for demonstrating?
A. The power of social roles, social norms, and scripts on behavior
B. The effectiveness of operant conditioning on learning
C. The stages of cognitive development in children
D. The hierarchy of human needs
CORRECT ANSWER A — The power of social roles, social norms, and scripts on behavior
RATIONALE The Stanford Prison Experiment randomly assigned participants as guards or
prisoners. Both groups quickly internalized their roles — guards became sadistic,
prisoners became passive and distressed. The study was terminated after 6 days.
4. Define the id in Freud's personality theory.
A. The moral compass or conscience
B. The aspect of personality consisting of our most primitive drives, including impulses for
hunger, thirst, and sex
C. The part of personality visible to others
D. The rational, decision-making component
CORRECT ANSWER B — Primitive drives including hunger, thirst, and sex
RATIONALE The id operates on the pleasure principle — seeking immediate gratification of
basic biological urges. The superego (A) is the moral compass. The ego (C, D)
mediates between id and superego on the reality principle.
, 5. What is the most strongly predictive factor of overall job satisfaction?
A. Salary and benefits
B. The work-content factor including variety, difficulty level, and role clarity
C. Commute time
D. Coworker relationships only
CORRECT ANSWER B — Work-content factor: variety, difficulty level, and role clarity
RATIONALE Research shows the nature of the work itself — meaningfulness, variety,
challenge, and clear expectations — is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction,
outweighing salary (A) and other external factors.
6. Define confirmation bias.
A. Fixating on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution
B. Tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs
C. Stereotyping someone without a valid basis
D. Relying too heavily on one's own perspective
CORRECT ANSWER B — Tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs
RATIONALE Confirmation bias leads people to seek, interpret, and remember information
that supports pre-existing beliefs while dismissing contradictory evidence.
Anchoring bias (A) fixates on one aspect. Representative bias (C) involves
stereotyping.
