MEDSURG 1 RN FINAL EXAM
2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE ||
VERIFIED Q&A - GRADED A+
Section 1: Foundational Concepts & Health Promotion
Q1: Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for
cardiovascular disease?
A) Age
B) Gender
C) Smoking
D) Genetics
Answer: C) Smoking
Rationale: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor that patients can
change through lifestyle modifications and cessation programs.
Age, gender, and genetics are non-modifiable risk factors.
Q2: A nurse is educating a patient about modifiable risk
factors for stroke. Which statement by the patient indicates
understanding?
A) "Since my father had a stroke, I will definitely have one too."
B) "Controlling my blood pressure can lower my risk of stroke."
C) "There is nothing I can do to change my risk factors."
D) "My age is the most important risk factor I can change."
Answer: B) "Controlling my blood pressure can lower my risk
of stroke."
Rationale: Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for stroke.
Patients can control their blood pressure through medication and
,lifestyle changes. Family history, genetics, and age are non-
modifiable.
Q3: List four modifiable risk factors.
Answer: Weight, smoking, sex practices, and diet.
Q4: List three non-modifiable risk factors.
Answer: Age, genetics, and sex.
Q5: What type of assessment should the nurse perform prior
to initiating health teaching?
Answer: Cultural assessment.
Rationale: A cultural assessment helps the nurse understand the
patient's beliefs, values, and practices that may affect learning and
health behaviors, ensuring teaching is tailored to the patient's
cultural context.
Q6: According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need
must be met first?
A) Self-actualization
B) Esteem
C) Physiological
D) Belongingness
Answer: C) Physiological
Rationale: Physiological needs (air, food, water, shelter, sleep) are
the most basic and must be prioritized before higher-level needs
such as safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Q7: What is the correct order of Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs?
Answer: 1. Physiological integrity, 2. Safety and security, 3.
Belongingness and affection, 4. Esteem and self-respect, 5. Self-
,actualization. Physiologic needs and life-threatening issues are a
priority.
Q8: Which organization identifies health promotion and
disease prevention goals to improve the nation's health?
Answer: Healthy People 2020.
Q9: Which organization recommends ways to strengthen the
practice of nursing to improve health care?
Answer: The Institute of Medicine's report on the Future of
Nursing.
Q10: What is the name of the list published by The Joint
Commission that includes top patient safety concerns?
Answer: The National Patient Safety Goals.
Q11: What governs nursing practice and is a law put in place
to protect the public?
Answer: Nurse Practice Acts.
Q12: What does QSEN stand for, and what is its purpose?
Answer: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Institute. It seeks
to strengthen the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of nurses in
providing continuous quality improvement in health care.
Section 2: Pain Management
Q13: What is pain?
Answer: Whatever the patient says it is.
, Q14: Pain is associated with what?
Answer: Actual or potential tissue damage.
Q15: What is the single most reliable indicator of pain?
Answer: The patient's self-report.
Q16: Pain stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and
could result in an increase in what three vital signs?
Answer: Blood pressure, heart rate, and respirations.
Q17: What are four physiologic effects of unrelieved pain?
Answer: Increases glucagon production, decreases insulin
secretion, depresses immune function, and can lead to addictive
behaviors.
Q18: What initiates inflammation and contributes to tissue
swelling and pain?
Answer: Prostaglandins.
Q19: What type of medication primarily produces pain relief
by preventing prostaglandin formation?
Answer: NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs).
Q20: What is the effect produced by topical analgesics?
Answer: They produce a local effect.
Q21: What is the effect produced by the transdermal route of
analgesics?
Answer: It produces drug absorption into the systemic circulation.
Q22: What is the purpose of providing Patient Controlled
Analgesia (PCA)?
2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE ||
VERIFIED Q&A - GRADED A+
Section 1: Foundational Concepts & Health Promotion
Q1: Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for
cardiovascular disease?
A) Age
B) Gender
C) Smoking
D) Genetics
Answer: C) Smoking
Rationale: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor that patients can
change through lifestyle modifications and cessation programs.
Age, gender, and genetics are non-modifiable risk factors.
Q2: A nurse is educating a patient about modifiable risk
factors for stroke. Which statement by the patient indicates
understanding?
A) "Since my father had a stroke, I will definitely have one too."
B) "Controlling my blood pressure can lower my risk of stroke."
C) "There is nothing I can do to change my risk factors."
D) "My age is the most important risk factor I can change."
Answer: B) "Controlling my blood pressure can lower my risk
of stroke."
Rationale: Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for stroke.
Patients can control their blood pressure through medication and
,lifestyle changes. Family history, genetics, and age are non-
modifiable.
Q3: List four modifiable risk factors.
Answer: Weight, smoking, sex practices, and diet.
Q4: List three non-modifiable risk factors.
Answer: Age, genetics, and sex.
Q5: What type of assessment should the nurse perform prior
to initiating health teaching?
Answer: Cultural assessment.
Rationale: A cultural assessment helps the nurse understand the
patient's beliefs, values, and practices that may affect learning and
health behaviors, ensuring teaching is tailored to the patient's
cultural context.
Q6: According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need
must be met first?
A) Self-actualization
B) Esteem
C) Physiological
D) Belongingness
Answer: C) Physiological
Rationale: Physiological needs (air, food, water, shelter, sleep) are
the most basic and must be prioritized before higher-level needs
such as safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Q7: What is the correct order of Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs?
Answer: 1. Physiological integrity, 2. Safety and security, 3.
Belongingness and affection, 4. Esteem and self-respect, 5. Self-
,actualization. Physiologic needs and life-threatening issues are a
priority.
Q8: Which organization identifies health promotion and
disease prevention goals to improve the nation's health?
Answer: Healthy People 2020.
Q9: Which organization recommends ways to strengthen the
practice of nursing to improve health care?
Answer: The Institute of Medicine's report on the Future of
Nursing.
Q10: What is the name of the list published by The Joint
Commission that includes top patient safety concerns?
Answer: The National Patient Safety Goals.
Q11: What governs nursing practice and is a law put in place
to protect the public?
Answer: Nurse Practice Acts.
Q12: What does QSEN stand for, and what is its purpose?
Answer: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Institute. It seeks
to strengthen the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of nurses in
providing continuous quality improvement in health care.
Section 2: Pain Management
Q13: What is pain?
Answer: Whatever the patient says it is.
, Q14: Pain is associated with what?
Answer: Actual or potential tissue damage.
Q15: What is the single most reliable indicator of pain?
Answer: The patient's self-report.
Q16: Pain stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and
could result in an increase in what three vital signs?
Answer: Blood pressure, heart rate, and respirations.
Q17: What are four physiologic effects of unrelieved pain?
Answer: Increases glucagon production, decreases insulin
secretion, depresses immune function, and can lead to addictive
behaviors.
Q18: What initiates inflammation and contributes to tissue
swelling and pain?
Answer: Prostaglandins.
Q19: What type of medication primarily produces pain relief
by preventing prostaglandin formation?
Answer: NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs).
Q20: What is the effect produced by topical analgesics?
Answer: They produce a local effect.
Q21: What is the effect produced by the transdermal route of
analgesics?
Answer: It produces drug absorption into the systemic circulation.
Q22: What is the purpose of providing Patient Controlled
Analgesia (PCA)?
