MedSurg 1 - Lower GI and Liver (U4) Exam
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
alimentary tract digestive tract
mouth through anus
GI accessory organs teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
diarrhea increased frequency and volume of liquid
stool
- gets rid of toxins
electrolyte imbalance: K and Mg
bicarb loss = metabolic acidosis
decreased absorption = malnutrition
fluid loss = vascular collapse
diarrhea - causes irritable bowel syndrome
incompetent sphincter
infections
chronic inflammatory bowel disease
malabsorption syndrome
colon cancer (treatment)
diverticulosis
stress
,diarrhea - common labs culture and sensitivity
hemoccult
ova and parasites
toxins: antibodies
ABGs: acid/base balance
H&H
WBCs
diarrhea - pharm protectants: Kaolin & pectin
anti secretory/anti-inflammatory: bismuth
bile acid sequestrants: cholestyramine
opioid: opium tincture
abx/infectives: vancomycin, metronidazole
diarrhea - acute care clear fluids and electrolytes
no solid foods
diarrhea - recovery slowly: full liquids to bland, soft, low
residue foods
delay: fibers, spices, milk
diarrhea - avoid glutens or milk if intolerant
gas-producing foods
caffeine
alcohol
, diarrhea - nursing care fluid volume deficit
- assess, replace, assist
risk for falls
- monitor BP
- fall precautions
- patient education
risk for impaired skin integrity
- frequent perianal hygiene
- barrier and zinc creams
- no diapers
constipation 2 or fewer BMs weekly or difficult passage
of
stools
constipation - causes large bowel disease
psychogenic
systemic disease
chronic laxative/enema usage
immobility
low fiber and fluids
drugs that decrease peristalsis
- zofran
constipation - nursing care figure out how it developed
prevention: activity, fluids
constipation - tx fiber
prunes
fluids
laxatives
disimpaction
enema
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
alimentary tract digestive tract
mouth through anus
GI accessory organs teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
diarrhea increased frequency and volume of liquid
stool
- gets rid of toxins
electrolyte imbalance: K and Mg
bicarb loss = metabolic acidosis
decreased absorption = malnutrition
fluid loss = vascular collapse
diarrhea - causes irritable bowel syndrome
incompetent sphincter
infections
chronic inflammatory bowel disease
malabsorption syndrome
colon cancer (treatment)
diverticulosis
stress
,diarrhea - common labs culture and sensitivity
hemoccult
ova and parasites
toxins: antibodies
ABGs: acid/base balance
H&H
WBCs
diarrhea - pharm protectants: Kaolin & pectin
anti secretory/anti-inflammatory: bismuth
bile acid sequestrants: cholestyramine
opioid: opium tincture
abx/infectives: vancomycin, metronidazole
diarrhea - acute care clear fluids and electrolytes
no solid foods
diarrhea - recovery slowly: full liquids to bland, soft, low
residue foods
delay: fibers, spices, milk
diarrhea - avoid glutens or milk if intolerant
gas-producing foods
caffeine
alcohol
, diarrhea - nursing care fluid volume deficit
- assess, replace, assist
risk for falls
- monitor BP
- fall precautions
- patient education
risk for impaired skin integrity
- frequent perianal hygiene
- barrier and zinc creams
- no diapers
constipation 2 or fewer BMs weekly or difficult passage
of
stools
constipation - causes large bowel disease
psychogenic
systemic disease
chronic laxative/enema usage
immobility
low fiber and fluids
drugs that decrease peristalsis
- zofran
constipation - nursing care figure out how it developed
prevention: activity, fluids
constipation - tx fiber
prunes
fluids
laxatives
disimpaction
enema
