Med Surg II - Traumatic Brain Injury &
Endocrine System (U4) Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
traumatic brain injuries - causes head strike object/object strike head
traumatic brain injury - contributing ETOH
factors drugs
failure to use safety devices (seatbelts,
helmets)
traumatic brain injuries - types acceleration/deceleration
coup/countrecoup
rotation
penetration
acceleration-deceleration injuries head does not impact another object
coup primary impact
brain strikes skull on side of impact
contrecoup secondary impact
brain strikes posterior area of skull
,coup-countrecoup can occur when head hits a surface or with
an
acceleration-deceleration injury
rotation injuries quick rotational force causes axonal
shearing
a lateral impact like a cross punch in
boxing
spins the brain on its axis, stretching or
tearing
neurons
torn neurons cannot be healed
TBI severity - structural imaging normal - mild
normal or abnormal - moderate, severe
TBI severity - loss of 0-30 mins - mild
consciousness 30min - 24hr - moderate
>24 hrs - severe
TBI severity - alteration of a moment up to 24 hours - mild
consciousness/mental state >24 hours - moderate or severe
TBI severity - post traumatic 0-1 day - mild
amnesia 1-7 days - moderate
>7 days - severe
TBI severity - GCS 13-15 - mild
9-12 - moderate
<9 - severity
, primary brain injury occurs at time of injury
scalp laceration can occur with underlying brain injury
repaired with suture, staples, glue
depressed skull fracture fragments driven into brain and meninges
- removal needed
- risk for meningitis
basilar skull fracture involve floor of skull
basilar skull fracture - tx conservative tx
prevent infection
heal on own
must not blow nose, no NG tubes, no
bipap
basilar skull fx - manifestations battle sign - bruising behind ear
raccoon eyes - periorbital edema and
bruising
halo signs - CSF leak from ears or nose,
yellow CSF
ring around blood in center on gauze
hemotympanum - bloody eardrum
concussion temporary alteration in mental status after
trauma
concussion - tx brain rest
Endocrine System (U4) Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
traumatic brain injuries - causes head strike object/object strike head
traumatic brain injury - contributing ETOH
factors drugs
failure to use safety devices (seatbelts,
helmets)
traumatic brain injuries - types acceleration/deceleration
coup/countrecoup
rotation
penetration
acceleration-deceleration injuries head does not impact another object
coup primary impact
brain strikes skull on side of impact
contrecoup secondary impact
brain strikes posterior area of skull
,coup-countrecoup can occur when head hits a surface or with
an
acceleration-deceleration injury
rotation injuries quick rotational force causes axonal
shearing
a lateral impact like a cross punch in
boxing
spins the brain on its axis, stretching or
tearing
neurons
torn neurons cannot be healed
TBI severity - structural imaging normal - mild
normal or abnormal - moderate, severe
TBI severity - loss of 0-30 mins - mild
consciousness 30min - 24hr - moderate
>24 hrs - severe
TBI severity - alteration of a moment up to 24 hours - mild
consciousness/mental state >24 hours - moderate or severe
TBI severity - post traumatic 0-1 day - mild
amnesia 1-7 days - moderate
>7 days - severe
TBI severity - GCS 13-15 - mild
9-12 - moderate
<9 - severity
, primary brain injury occurs at time of injury
scalp laceration can occur with underlying brain injury
repaired with suture, staples, glue
depressed skull fracture fragments driven into brain and meninges
- removal needed
- risk for meningitis
basilar skull fracture involve floor of skull
basilar skull fracture - tx conservative tx
prevent infection
heal on own
must not blow nose, no NG tubes, no
bipap
basilar skull fx - manifestations battle sign - bruising behind ear
raccoon eyes - periorbital edema and
bruising
halo signs - CSF leak from ears or nose,
yellow CSF
ring around blood in center on gauze
hemotympanum - bloody eardrum
concussion temporary alteration in mental status after
trauma
concussion - tx brain rest
