Fundamentals 105 - Exam #1Safety Questions And Detailed Answers| Guaranteed Pass.

Nursing - correct answers the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of individual, families, communities, and populations. critical thinking - correct answers Nursing requires __________ __________ patient-centered care - correct answers ____________-______________ _________ is at the heart of nursing responsible accountable - correct answers Nurses must be _____________ and _____________ Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - correct answers "Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action" The Future of Nursing - correct answers The Institute of Medicine (IOM) put out a publication on: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert - correct answers Benner's stages of nursing proficiency 1960: Documentation began Standards of Practice Standards of Professional Performance - correct answers Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice To improve the health and well-being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice - correct answers Goal of Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes identification Planning Implementation Evaluation - correct answers Name the six standards of practice Codes of ethics are presented as general statements and thus do not give specific answers to every possible ethical dilemma that might arise, it's purpose is to offer guidance. WRITTEN BY: Florence Nightingale - correct answers Nursing Code of Ethics (written by???) I function independently & I own what I do - correct answers Autonomy and Accountability Clinical Nurse Specialist - correct answers CNS certified nurse practitioner - correct answers CNP certified nurse midwife - correct answers CNM certified registered nurse anesthetist - correct answers CRNA Pt needs compassionate care - correct answers ***Don't rush when in a room*** Why? Founder of modern nursing - correct answers Florence Nightingale was the: Insisted on better hygiene infield hospitals and founded the first school of nursing - correct answers What did Florence Nightingale do? Florence Nightingale's book - correct answers Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not Activist; dedicated to improving conditions for the mentally ill. Lobbied Congress; led movement to build new mental hospitals and improve existing ones - correct answers Dorthea Dix Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross - correct answers Clara Barton organized ambulance services and walked abandoned battlefields at night, looking for wounded soldiers. (Civil War) - correct answers Mother Bickerdyke first trained African American nurse in the US - correct answers Mary Eliza Mahoney founded ANA - correct answers Isabel Hampton Robb Founder of public health nursing - correct answers Lillian Wald movement towards scientific research-based practice and defined body of knowledge; nurses began to achieve advanced nursing degrees - correct answers 20th century nursing includes bioterrorism, global epidemics; - correct answers 21st century nursing Affordable Care Rising healthcare costs demographic changes (rural to urban) medically undeserved - correct answers 21st century influences in nursing: Patient-Centered Care Teamwork and Collaboration Evidence-Based Practice Quality Improvement Safety Informatics - correct answers QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) the ability to produce a desired or intended result - correct answers efficacy P- first contact, in the community by doctor, nurse or allied health professional (not a hospital), S- referral may be needed and occurs in hospitals e.g. emergency or specialist, T- complex surgery, referral needed and in a tertiary hospital e.g. brain surgery or cancer treatment - correct answers primary, secondary, and tertiary care Orientation phase Working phase Termination phase - correct answers Phases of the Helping Relationship Occurs before meeting the pt. Obtain information about the client from the chart, significant others or other health team members. Examine one's own feelings, fears, and anxieties about working with a particular client. - correct answers *Pre-interaction phase* when the nurse and the patient meet and get to know each other - correct answers *orientation phase* when the nurse and the patient work together to solve problems and accomplish goals - correct answers *working phase* Therapeutic conclusion of relationship occurs when: Progress has been made toward attainment of the goals. A plan of action for more adaptive coping with future stressful situations has been established. Feelings about termination of the relationship are recognized and explored. - correct answers *termination phase* a collaborative, person-centered form of guiding to elicit and strengthen motivation for change - correct answers motivational interviewing *Verbal technique* using: Situation Background Assessment Recommendation - correct answers SBAR communication - intimate zone (0-18 inches) - personal zone (18 inches to 4 feet) - social zone (4 to 12 feet) - public zone (12 feet and greater) - correct answers Zones of Personal Space (Gliding strokes): smoothes and extends muscles increases nutrient absorption improves lymphatic & venous circulation - correct answers Effleurage massage strokes (Muscle-kneading strokes): Relaxes tense muscles Stimulates local circulation - correct answers Pettrisage massage strokes (strong, circular strokes): brings blood to skin surface increases local circulation loosens tight muscle groups - correct answers Friction Massage strokes effleurage pettrisage friction - correct answers Order of strokes for back massage: infestation with lice - correct answers pediculosis instrument used to measure joint angles - correct answers Goniometer movement of top of foot toward anterior tibia bone - correct answers dorsal flexion bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground - correct answers plantar flexion lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups, hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted and externally rotated - correct answers lithotomy position (dorsal recumbent) Preventative (education): counseling (ex:diet), screenings, immunizations Primary (early detection): dx & tx of COMMON illness (Ex: prenatal, baby) Secondary (acute care): dx & tx of DISEASE; med-surg, ambulance Tertiary (special care): dx & tx of DISEASE; ICU, cardiology, rheumatology, psych Restorative (post-op): rehab, sports med. spinal cord, home) Continuing (long-term, hospice): - correct answers Levels of Care - correct answers Note: Levels of CARE are NOT the same as Levels of PREVENTION. reduces and controls risk factors for disease - correct answers preventative care Focuses on improved health outcomes Requires collaboration Ex: schools - correct answers primary care Routine hospitalization, routine surgery, and specialized outpatient care, such as consultation with specialists and rehabilitation. Compared to primary care, these services are usually brief and more complex, involving advanced diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. ex: med-surg ambulance - correct answers secondary care true - correct answers T/F Discharge planning begins upon admission true - correct answers T/F disease management is the most common & expensive service of the health care system - correct answers Note: Psych facilities - ...must have referral prior to discharge Patient-centered care Teamwork and collaboration Quality improvement........uses: Plan, do, check, act Safety Evidence-based practice Informatics - correct answers QSEN competencies Uses: Plan, Do, Check, & Act - correct answers Quality Improvement (QI) One of the models of QSEN: a process for reducing costs, improving quality, and increasing customer satisfaction - correct answers Six Sigma Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. - correct answers Healthy People 2020 a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and *not merely the absence of disease or infirmity* - correct answers health physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization - correct answers Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs attempts to create conditions that promote health - correct answers Holistic Heath Model Internal External - correct answers (2) types of: Variables Influencing Health and Health Beliefs and Practices developmental stage intellectual background perception of functioning emotional factors spiritual factors - correct answers Internal Variables influencing health: family practices socioeconomic factors cultural background - correct answers External variables influencing health 1. Immunization programs 2. Routine exercise & Good nutrition 3. Physical Awareness, Stress Management, Self-Responsibility - correct answers (3) things that promote health, wellness, & illness prevention: 1. Primary: true prevention; lowers chance that disease will develop 2. Secondary:Focuses on ppl w/ health problems; ppl @ risk of complications/worsening conditions 3. Tertiary: when a defect/disability is PERMANENT - correct answers 3 levels o PREVENTION: behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a medical disorder or disease Ex: genetic/physiological factors age............elderly & premies until age 3 environment lifestyle - correct answers risk factors 1. Pre-contemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance Stage - correct answers Risk Factor Modification and Changing Health Behaviors - correct answers Note: When a pt is attempting to modify his/her health behaviors....BE SUPPORTIVE (positive reinforcement)! a state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired - correct answers illness new onset vs. long standing (6+ months) - correct answers Acute vs. Chronic infectious agent reservoir (place where microorganism awaits transfer to new host) portal of exit mode of transmission portal of entry susceptible host - correct answers chain of infection causes gas gangrene. Thrives on organic material Anaerobic - correct answers Clostridium perfringens Reservoir: colon Infection/disease: Gastroenteritis & UTIs - correct answers Escherichia coli (E. coli) Reservoirs: skin, hair, nails Infections/diseases: - correct answers S. aureus Reservoir: oropharynx, skin, perianal area Infection/disease: strep throat, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, impetigo, wound infections - correct answers Streptococcus B Reservoir: Adult genitalia Infection/disease: UTI, wound infection, postpartum sepsis neonatal sepsis - correct answers Strep A Reservoir: droplet nuclei from lungs, larynx Infection/disease: TB - correct answers Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reservoir: GU tract, rectum, mouth Infection/disease: Gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, infectious arthritis, pink eye - correct answers N. gonorrhoeae Reservoir: wood tick Infection: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - correct answers R. rickettsii Reservoir: skin Infection/disease: wound infection, bacteremia - correct answers Staph edidermidis Reservoir: feces Infection: Hep A - correct answers Hep A virus Reservoir: blood, certain body fluids, sexual contact Infection: Hep B - correct answers Hep B virus Blood, certain body fluids, sexual contact Hep C - correct answers Hep C virus Reservoir: Lesions of mouth, skin, saliva, genitalia Infection/disease: cold sores, aseptic meningitis, sexually transmitted disease, herpetic whitlow - correct answers Herpes simplex (type I) Reservoir: blood, semen, vaginal secretions via sexual contact Infection/disease: AIDS - correct answers HIV Reservoir: soil, dust, mouth, skin, colong gental tract Infection/disease: Aspergillosis, pneumonia, sepsis - correct answers Aspergillus organisms (Fungi) Reservoir: mouth skin, colon, genital tract Infection/disease: Candidiasis, pneumonia, sepsis - correct answers Candida albicans (Fungi) Reservoir: blood Infection: malaria by mosquito - correct answers Plasmodium falciparum (protozoa) 1. Incubation period - time bwtn entrance of pathogen & symptoms 2. *Prodromal stage* - interval from onset of NONSPECIFIC symptoms (malaise, fever, etc.) to SPECIFIC symptoms 3. Illness stage - interval when pt manifests s/s (duration) 4. Convalescence - when acute symptoms diasappear - correct answers 4 stages of infectious process An insect or any living carrier that transports an infectious agent from an infected individual or its wastes to a susceptible individual or its food or immediate surroundings. Both biological and mechanical transmissions are encountered.