MDC 2 EXAM 1 Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Benign cells Normal cells growing in the wrong place or
at the
wrong time
Benign Cell Features o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a healthy cell
Examples of Benign cells o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
,Malignant cells indicates cancer and can be harmful to
normal
body tissues and result in death
Malignant cell features o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact
inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or
elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of o Initiation
malignancy o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy) Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
Promotion Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of
malignant
cells
, Progression Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis Cells move from primary site to the rest of
the
body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis cancer development
Cancer classification o Grading
o Ploidy
o Staging
o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading Looking under microscope and determine
level/degree of mutation of cancer cell
from
normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy Number of chromosomes
Staging How large is the primary tumor and how
far has it
spread
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Benign cells Normal cells growing in the wrong place or
at the
wrong time
Benign Cell Features o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a healthy cell
Examples of Benign cells o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
,Malignant cells indicates cancer and can be harmful to
normal
body tissues and result in death
Malignant cell features o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact
inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or
elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of o Initiation
malignancy o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy) Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
Promotion Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of
malignant
cells
, Progression Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis Cells move from primary site to the rest of
the
body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis cancer development
Cancer classification o Grading
o Ploidy
o Staging
o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading Looking under microscope and determine
level/degree of mutation of cancer cell
from
normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy Number of chromosomes
Staging How large is the primary tumor and how
far has it
spread
