Data Management, Variable Types, and
Statistical Methods in Research Exam
2026 Questions and Answers Graded A+
Codebook - Correct answer-A document listing every variable in a dataset, along
with its description, allowed values, coding rules, and notes to ensure accurate and
consistent data entry.
Spreadsheet - Correct answer-A grid-based tool (rows × columns) used to enter,
store, and analyze simpler data structures.
Database - Correct answer-A structured system for storing data in tables/fields
designed for efficient searching, retrieving, and organizing large datasets.
Database Programs - Correct answer-Software applications that manage and query
large or complex datasets (e.g., SQL systems).
Statistical Programs - Correct answer-Software packages used for data cleaning,
statistical testing, modeling, and graphing (e.g., SPSS, R, Stata).
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, Data Capture - Correct answer-The process of collecting data through surveys,
instruments, forms, or records for later entry and analysis.
Data Quality & Preparation - Correct answer-Procedures ensuring accuracy,
completeness, and reliability of data before analysis.
Data Cleaning - Correct answer-Identifying and correcting errors such as missing
values, inconsistencies, outliers, and duplicate entries.
Double-entry - Correct answer-A validation method where two individuals enter
the same data independently, then compare results to minimize errors.
Programs with Derived Variables - Correct answer-Systems that automatically
create new variables by computing them from existing ones (e.g., BMI from height
and weight).
Variable Types - Correct answer-Classification of data, including categorical,
ordinal, nominal, discrete, continuous, interval, and ratio.
Categorical Variables (Nominal) - Correct answer-Non-numeric variables with no
inherent order (e.g., color, gender).
Ordinal Variables - Correct answer-Variables with ordered categories but no
standardized spacing (e.g., Likert scales).
©COPYRIGHT 2025,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Statistical Methods in Research Exam
2026 Questions and Answers Graded A+
Codebook - Correct answer-A document listing every variable in a dataset, along
with its description, allowed values, coding rules, and notes to ensure accurate and
consistent data entry.
Spreadsheet - Correct answer-A grid-based tool (rows × columns) used to enter,
store, and analyze simpler data structures.
Database - Correct answer-A structured system for storing data in tables/fields
designed for efficient searching, retrieving, and organizing large datasets.
Database Programs - Correct answer-Software applications that manage and query
large or complex datasets (e.g., SQL systems).
Statistical Programs - Correct answer-Software packages used for data cleaning,
statistical testing, modeling, and graphing (e.g., SPSS, R, Stata).
©COPYRIGHT 2025,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Data Capture - Correct answer-The process of collecting data through surveys,
instruments, forms, or records for later entry and analysis.
Data Quality & Preparation - Correct answer-Procedures ensuring accuracy,
completeness, and reliability of data before analysis.
Data Cleaning - Correct answer-Identifying and correcting errors such as missing
values, inconsistencies, outliers, and duplicate entries.
Double-entry - Correct answer-A validation method where two individuals enter
the same data independently, then compare results to minimize errors.
Programs with Derived Variables - Correct answer-Systems that automatically
create new variables by computing them from existing ones (e.g., BMI from height
and weight).
Variable Types - Correct answer-Classification of data, including categorical,
ordinal, nominal, discrete, continuous, interval, and ratio.
Categorical Variables (Nominal) - Correct answer-Non-numeric variables with no
inherent order (e.g., color, gender).
Ordinal Variables - Correct answer-Variables with ordered categories but no
standardized spacing (e.g., Likert scales).
©COPYRIGHT 2025,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
