1|Page
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
2026|COMPLETE EXAM WITH Q AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination from Mr.
Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate irreversible cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material - correct-answer -D
The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy production
results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation - correct-answer -B
,2|Page
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has lost all his
equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due
to impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in ATP is which of the
following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above - correct-answer -C
An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle cerebral artery. The
brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for this
is which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces oxygen content in the
blood
,3|Page
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia - correct-answer -A
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells can result in fat
accumulation. Which of the following problems results in increased mobilization
of free fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia - correct-answer -C
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism in cells.
Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells - correct-answer -B
, 4|Page
There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive destruction of RBCs.
This increase in RBC destruction can lead to which of the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above - correct-answer -A
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones. This will
lead to ____________ of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia - correct-answer -B
You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of crepitus. Crepitus is
associated with which of the following?
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
2026|COMPLETE EXAM WITH Q AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination from Mr.
Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate irreversible cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material - correct-answer -D
The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy production
results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation - correct-answer -B
,2|Page
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has lost all his
equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due
to impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in ATP is which of the
following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above - correct-answer -C
An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle cerebral artery. The
brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for this
is which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces oxygen content in the
blood
,3|Page
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia - correct-answer -A
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells can result in fat
accumulation. Which of the following problems results in increased mobilization
of free fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia - correct-answer -C
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism in cells.
Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells - correct-answer -B
, 4|Page
There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive destruction of RBCs.
This increase in RBC destruction can lead to which of the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above - correct-answer -A
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones. This will
lead to ____________ of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia - correct-answer -B
You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of crepitus. Crepitus is
associated with which of the following?
