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What is the difference between major constituents and trace elements in seawater? -
ANSWER ✅✅✅✅Major constituents- six ions that make up 99% of salts dissolved in
sea water
Trace elements- elements present in very small amounts which can be important to
specific organisms but not to the overall health of the ocean
How does the relative abundance of major constituent ions change in open-ocean water
when the salinity changes? - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The ratios of major constituents in
seawater do not change with changes in the salinity of the water.
Why can salinity be calculated from chlorinity? - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅due to the principle
of constant proportions, the amount of chlorine in the water can be directly linked to the
amount of salt due to the never changing ratios between the two.
Relate changes in open-ocean salinity to variations in latitude and explain these
changes. - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅Salinity increases with increasing latitude. This is
because the poles get so cold that the salinity of the water doesn't affect the density, so
high salinity water can be more easily found on the surface of the water column.
Why do coastal sea surface salinities differ from open-ocean sea surface salinities at
the same latitude? - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅the coastal areas will have a higher salinity
because the salt cant fall as far in the smaller water column whereas in open ocean
increased salinity means increased density causing that high saline water to fall in the
water column leaving the surface relatively low in terms of salinity.
Which two gases are biologically important in the ocean? - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅carbon
dioxide and oxygen