Radiologic Technology:
Accreditation, Certification,
and Professional Societies
chapter 2
What is accreditation?
A voluntary peer-review process where an agency grants recognition to an institution for
a program of study that meets specified criteria.
What is the purpose of accreditation?
To protect public safety, ensure the preparation of graduates, and establish minimum
standards.
What does JRCERT stand for?
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology.
What is the role of JRCERT?
To evaluate radiography education programs for compliance with established national
standards.
What are the categories of JRCERT accreditation?
Initial, Continuing, Probationary, Administrative probationary, Withholding, Withdrawal,
and Voluntary.
What is the mission of JRCERT?
To promote excellence in education and enhance the quality and safety of patient care
through accreditation.
What is the process for JRCERT accreditation?
Includes application, self-study submission, site visit, report of findings, and exit
interview.
What is the value of accreditation?
Assures the public that graduates have met established standards and levels of
competency.
What is ARRT?
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists, a certifying body for Radiologic
Technologists.
What is the purpose of ARRT certification?
To grant recognition to individuals demonstrating specialized professional skills, usually
through examination.
When was ARRT established?
In 1922.
What are the examination qualifications for ARRT certification?
Graduation from an accredited program, good moral character, and compliance with
ARRT Rules and Regulations.
,How often must ARRT certification be renewed?
Every 10 years.
What are some disciplines certified by ARRT?
Radiography, Radiation Therapy, Nuclear Medicine, MRI, Sonography, and more.
What is the passing score for the ARRT examination?
75 on a weighted scale.
What is the role of ASRT?
American Society of Radiologic Technologists, advancing the profession and
maintaining high standards of education.
When was ASRT founded?
In 1920.
What services does ASRT provide?
Educational opportunities, continuing education materials, scholarships, and advocacy
for standards of care.
What is ISSRT?
Illinois State Society of Radiologic Technologists, the state affiliate of ASRT.
What is the purpose of ISSRT?
To lobby for RT interests, provide new information on technology, and offer continuing
education.
What are the educational requirements to take the ARRT examination?
Completion of an accredited degree program and all clinical competencies.
What is the significance of site visits in the JRCERT accreditation process?
To evaluate the program through direct observation and review of materials.
What is the ARRT's mission?
To promote high standards of patient care by recognizing qualified individuals in
medical imaging and radiation therapy.
What are the consequences of failing to maintain accreditation?
Probation or withdrawal of accreditation may occur.
What is the significance of the ARRT vs. Cox case?
It involved misrepresentation of credentials, leading to significant penalties for the
individual.
What is the role of site visitors in the JRCERT process?
To evaluate programs by reviewing applications, self-study materials, and conducting
site visits.
What is the ARRT's certification number as of March 2022?
543,292 certifications held by 344,422 RTs.
What are the mandatory clinical competencies required by ARRT?
10 mandatory general patient care activities and 37 mandatory imaging procedures.
What is the importance of JRCERT's standards?
They define standards in areas such as mission, goals, integrity, program organization,
and safety.
Music therapy -ANSWER✅✅✅✅"The clinical and evidence-based use of music
interventions to accomplish individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by a
,credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program"
(AMTA, 2015).
Education for All Handicapped Children Act -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Public Law 94-142;
passed in 1975 to call for mainstreaming of students with disabilities into public schools
in the United States ("free and appropriate" education)
Individualized Education Program (IEP) -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Developed in 1978 through
IDEA to improve the education of students with disabilities who are qualified for special
education in the United States; written plan that includes an assessment of the student's
strengths and limitations, concrete goals and objectives for education, a list of the
people administering the program, related services, and methods for evaluation
American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The national
organization that represents the field of music therapy in the United States today;
promotes awareness of the profession, advances clinical and scientific knowledge in the
field, and sets and maintains the standards of music therapy practice
Iso principle -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The concept that music should be chosen to initially
match the mood state of a client and adjusted gradually to the desired mood state;
described in Kircher's (1602-1680) theory of temperaments and affections, in the
dissertation of Samuel Mathews in 1806, and by Esther Gatewood in 1920; termed in
the 1940s by Ira Altshuler
National Association for Music Therapy -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Established in 1950; first
national organization to represent the field of music therapy; signaled the birth of the
music therapy profession
American Association for Music Therapy -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Established in 1971;
originally called the Urban Federation for Music Therapists (UFMT); the second national
organization that represented the field of music therapy; merged with the NAMT in 1998
to form the AMTA
Board Certification exam -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Established in 1985 by the NAMT and the
AAMT to increase the credibility of the field of music therapy; an exam taken by a music
therapy student to measure his or her knowledge of music therapy principles and
foundations, clinical theories and techniques, general knowledge about music, and
professional roles and responsibilities
Sensorimotor -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The first stage of Piaget's theory of development that
takes place between the ages of zero and two; the child learns through his or her
senses and motor movements
New musical activities: listening to lullabies, listening to speech and environmental
sounds, being rocked, vocal play, babbling, and moving rhythmically to music
, Infant-directed speech -ANSWER✅✅✅✅An innate speech tendency used with infants
that is characterized as high in pitch, exaggerated in affect and speech contour, and
drawn out
Preoperational -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The second stage in Piaget's theory of development
that takes place between the ages of two and seven; the child's language and
conceptual skills and interpersonal awareness increase
New musical activities: playing musical instruments, coordinating gross and fine motor
movements to music, singing songs, improvising melodies, and participating in musical
games
Parallel play -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The mode of playing during which two or more children
engage in the same activity without interacting with each other
Beat competency -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The ability to follow and maintain a simple, steady
beat
Concrete operations -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The third stage of Piaget's theory of
development that takes place between the ages of 7 and 11; the child can think
systematically and solve problems within his or her reality
New musical activities: learning and playing an instrument, reading musical notation,
performing in an ensemble
Formal operations -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The fourth stage of Piaget's theory of
development that takes place between the ages of 11 and adulthood; the child can think
abstractly; new musical activities: composition
Elements of music -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Pitch, intensity, duration, and timbre
Functions of music -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Proposed by Alan Merriam in 1964; physical
engagement, communication, emotional expression, aesthetic enjoyment,
entertainment, integration of society, conformity to social norms, validation of social
institutions and religious rituals, symbolic representation, and continuity and stability of
culture
Tactile -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Referring to the sense of touch
The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) -ANSWER✅✅✅✅A music
therapy approach created by Hellen Bonny that involves listening to classical music
from a relaxed state and experiencing internal imagery while a music therapist provides
verbal guiding interventions in order to expand self-awareness, enhance creativity,
develop spirituality, and achieve a healthier state of being
Accreditation, Certification,
and Professional Societies
chapter 2
What is accreditation?
A voluntary peer-review process where an agency grants recognition to an institution for
a program of study that meets specified criteria.
What is the purpose of accreditation?
To protect public safety, ensure the preparation of graduates, and establish minimum
standards.
What does JRCERT stand for?
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology.
What is the role of JRCERT?
To evaluate radiography education programs for compliance with established national
standards.
What are the categories of JRCERT accreditation?
Initial, Continuing, Probationary, Administrative probationary, Withholding, Withdrawal,
and Voluntary.
What is the mission of JRCERT?
To promote excellence in education and enhance the quality and safety of patient care
through accreditation.
What is the process for JRCERT accreditation?
Includes application, self-study submission, site visit, report of findings, and exit
interview.
What is the value of accreditation?
Assures the public that graduates have met established standards and levels of
competency.
What is ARRT?
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists, a certifying body for Radiologic
Technologists.
What is the purpose of ARRT certification?
To grant recognition to individuals demonstrating specialized professional skills, usually
through examination.
When was ARRT established?
In 1922.
What are the examination qualifications for ARRT certification?
Graduation from an accredited program, good moral character, and compliance with
ARRT Rules and Regulations.
,How often must ARRT certification be renewed?
Every 10 years.
What are some disciplines certified by ARRT?
Radiography, Radiation Therapy, Nuclear Medicine, MRI, Sonography, and more.
What is the passing score for the ARRT examination?
75 on a weighted scale.
What is the role of ASRT?
American Society of Radiologic Technologists, advancing the profession and
maintaining high standards of education.
When was ASRT founded?
In 1920.
What services does ASRT provide?
Educational opportunities, continuing education materials, scholarships, and advocacy
for standards of care.
What is ISSRT?
Illinois State Society of Radiologic Technologists, the state affiliate of ASRT.
What is the purpose of ISSRT?
To lobby for RT interests, provide new information on technology, and offer continuing
education.
What are the educational requirements to take the ARRT examination?
Completion of an accredited degree program and all clinical competencies.
What is the significance of site visits in the JRCERT accreditation process?
To evaluate the program through direct observation and review of materials.
What is the ARRT's mission?
To promote high standards of patient care by recognizing qualified individuals in
medical imaging and radiation therapy.
What are the consequences of failing to maintain accreditation?
Probation or withdrawal of accreditation may occur.
What is the significance of the ARRT vs. Cox case?
It involved misrepresentation of credentials, leading to significant penalties for the
individual.
What is the role of site visitors in the JRCERT process?
To evaluate programs by reviewing applications, self-study materials, and conducting
site visits.
What is the ARRT's certification number as of March 2022?
543,292 certifications held by 344,422 RTs.
What are the mandatory clinical competencies required by ARRT?
10 mandatory general patient care activities and 37 mandatory imaging procedures.
What is the importance of JRCERT's standards?
They define standards in areas such as mission, goals, integrity, program organization,
and safety.
Music therapy -ANSWER✅✅✅✅"The clinical and evidence-based use of music
interventions to accomplish individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by a
,credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program"
(AMTA, 2015).
Education for All Handicapped Children Act -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Public Law 94-142;
passed in 1975 to call for mainstreaming of students with disabilities into public schools
in the United States ("free and appropriate" education)
Individualized Education Program (IEP) -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Developed in 1978 through
IDEA to improve the education of students with disabilities who are qualified for special
education in the United States; written plan that includes an assessment of the student's
strengths and limitations, concrete goals and objectives for education, a list of the
people administering the program, related services, and methods for evaluation
American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The national
organization that represents the field of music therapy in the United States today;
promotes awareness of the profession, advances clinical and scientific knowledge in the
field, and sets and maintains the standards of music therapy practice
Iso principle -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The concept that music should be chosen to initially
match the mood state of a client and adjusted gradually to the desired mood state;
described in Kircher's (1602-1680) theory of temperaments and affections, in the
dissertation of Samuel Mathews in 1806, and by Esther Gatewood in 1920; termed in
the 1940s by Ira Altshuler
National Association for Music Therapy -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Established in 1950; first
national organization to represent the field of music therapy; signaled the birth of the
music therapy profession
American Association for Music Therapy -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Established in 1971;
originally called the Urban Federation for Music Therapists (UFMT); the second national
organization that represented the field of music therapy; merged with the NAMT in 1998
to form the AMTA
Board Certification exam -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Established in 1985 by the NAMT and the
AAMT to increase the credibility of the field of music therapy; an exam taken by a music
therapy student to measure his or her knowledge of music therapy principles and
foundations, clinical theories and techniques, general knowledge about music, and
professional roles and responsibilities
Sensorimotor -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The first stage of Piaget's theory of development that
takes place between the ages of zero and two; the child learns through his or her
senses and motor movements
New musical activities: listening to lullabies, listening to speech and environmental
sounds, being rocked, vocal play, babbling, and moving rhythmically to music
, Infant-directed speech -ANSWER✅✅✅✅An innate speech tendency used with infants
that is characterized as high in pitch, exaggerated in affect and speech contour, and
drawn out
Preoperational -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The second stage in Piaget's theory of development
that takes place between the ages of two and seven; the child's language and
conceptual skills and interpersonal awareness increase
New musical activities: playing musical instruments, coordinating gross and fine motor
movements to music, singing songs, improvising melodies, and participating in musical
games
Parallel play -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The mode of playing during which two or more children
engage in the same activity without interacting with each other
Beat competency -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The ability to follow and maintain a simple, steady
beat
Concrete operations -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The third stage of Piaget's theory of
development that takes place between the ages of 7 and 11; the child can think
systematically and solve problems within his or her reality
New musical activities: learning and playing an instrument, reading musical notation,
performing in an ensemble
Formal operations -ANSWER✅✅✅✅The fourth stage of Piaget's theory of
development that takes place between the ages of 11 and adulthood; the child can think
abstractly; new musical activities: composition
Elements of music -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Pitch, intensity, duration, and timbre
Functions of music -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Proposed by Alan Merriam in 1964; physical
engagement, communication, emotional expression, aesthetic enjoyment,
entertainment, integration of society, conformity to social norms, validation of social
institutions and religious rituals, symbolic representation, and continuity and stability of
culture
Tactile -ANSWER✅✅✅✅Referring to the sense of touch
The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) -ANSWER✅✅✅✅A music
therapy approach created by Hellen Bonny that involves listening to classical music
from a relaxed state and experiencing internal imagery while a music therapist provides
verbal guiding interventions in order to expand self-awareness, enhance creativity,
develop spirituality, and achieve a healthier state of being
