Instrumentation Level 1 NCCER Exam Study guide– National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER) Instrumentation Level 1 Certification – 2026/2027 Edition – Study Guide and Practice Overview

Instrumentation Level 1 NCCER Exam Study guide– National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER) Instrumentation Level 1 Certification – 2026/2027 Edition – Study Guide and Practice Overview The simplest method for accurately measuring piping or tubing prior to assembly is the _____. Shoulder to shoulder method The colors of the conductors of a type j thermocouple are typically? White and red If a persons heart is out of rhythm due to an electrical shock, the solution is to __________ Have a qualified person use emergency defibrillation eqiupment One mA is a unit of measure for current equal to _______ .001 amperes How many more times are workers in the construction industry likely to be electrocuted at work than all the other industries combined ? Four For injury related calculations and statistics, low voltage is considered to be anything under 500 volts. T or F False Other than when the insulating value is in question, how frequently must rubber protective equipment be electrically tested? Every six months On the job, it is best to wear personal clothing constructed of _______ Cotton Which of these statements correctly describes a double insulated power tool? The entire tool is covered in rubber. Once a worker crosses a prohibited approach boundary, for safety purposes it is assumed that ________ The worker will make contact with an energized surface. A potential shock hazard exist when exposed parts are energized at ___________ V or more 50V or more Per OSHA, the proper PPE selected for entry into an arc flash hazard area should protect the worker from first degree burns. T or F False Which of the following is a correct statement related to a lockout/tagout procedure ? Lockout/Tagout devices are installed by each authorized employee involved in the work related to the energy being disabled. How many different multimeters are required to conduct a live-dead test on an electrical circuit? One A damaged power tool should be removed from service and _________ Have a DO NOT USE tag applied The OSHA and NIOSH time weighted averages (TWA) for exposure to a given chemical relate to an average level of exposure consistent over a period of _______ 8-10 Hours The gas that can reach explosive levels when mixed with oxygen and which is often released by vented batteries is _________ Hydrogen One meter is equal to ________ feet. (Mod3Bk1) 3.281 feet A room has a length of 3.568 meters & a width of 2.438 meters, whats the area of the room in square feet ? meters to ft (x)3.281 93.64 ft^2. (Squared) A wall penetration has inside dimensions of 16'' in x 12'' in . The area, in ft^2, is equal to ___________ inchs to ft (x) .0833 or (x) / 12 1.33 ft^2 The value of pi , to 2 decimal places is ? 3.14 Pie = 3.1415 How many liters of liquid can a 55 gallon drum hold? gal to liters 1 gal=3.785 liters (x) 3.785 208 Liters A crate holding a control console is marked as weighing 175 lbs. Whats its weight in Kilograms? 1 lbs = .454 kg ( / ) by 2.205 or (x) by .454 79.38 kilograms Find the absolute pressure if a gauge reads 164 psig (x) + 14.7 = 178.38 psia (absolute pressure) A temperature of 0 degrees Celcius is equal to ____________ Deg F -32 / 1.8 = 0 deg Celc ( (x) - 32 ) / 1.8 = 0 deg Celc 32 degrees Fahrenheit A temperature of 68 deg F is equal to _________ (x) - 32 / 1.8 = deg C 68-32 / 1.8 = deg C 36/1.8 = deg C 20 deg Celc The square root of 12,500, which is expressed mathematically as (———-) is equal to? 111.803 6^2 is the same as? 1. 6x6= (x) 2. = (x) 36 Given the equation P=E^2 / R, rewrite it to solve for R. 1. R (P=E^2 / R) (R) Use R by mult on both sides. 2. R (P) /P = E^2 /P Use P by dividi. on both sides 3. R = E^2 / P The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the curved line is called the __________ Radius A triangle in which all sides are unequal length is called ? Scalene Triangle Which of the following is not an accurate form of the pythagorean theorem ? Correct Form: c ^2 = a ^2 + b^2 ANSWER- Incorrect form: Will most likely be missing an exponent like so. c = a ^2 + b^2 The manufacturer of an instrument with a specific tag # can be found in the _________ Hint ( Inst S) (Mod4Bk1) Instrument Sheet Which of the following is typically excluded from an instrument index? Hint (Sym L) Symbol Legend Ventilation requirements for an instrumentation system can be found in ____________ The General Instrument Specifications The callout numbers on an installation detail drawing relate to the numbered items on the _________ Materials List An instrument location drawing typically shows the general location of the instrument in reference to the ___________ Plan view of the area Which of these drawings shows the interconnection of devices from the primary element in the field, to the board mounted instruments on the control panel, to the final control devices? Loop Drawing Although changes are made, most companies develop their instrumentation drawings & related documents to drawing standards developed by __________ ISA An instrument balloon that is a simple circle indicates that the ___________ Instrument is discrete and field mounted A hexagon symbol is used to represent a _________ Computer Function An instrument signal line that consist of a single solid with L's drawn through it represents a(n) ____________ Hydraulic signal The signal line symbols that have groups of three slashes across the main line are ____________ Electrical or electronic lines A letter that can have one meaning when used as a first letter and another meaning when used as a second letter in a tag number is the ____________ User's choice letter If the first letter of the tag number for all the instruments in a loop is F, the measured or initiating variable is ____________ Flow When used as a first letter modifier, which of the following letters apply only to emergency protective and emergency final control elements? " S " Succeeding letter designations are sometimes modified to reflect the _____________ Needs of a particular project In the thread designations M8-1.0 x 2.0 , the 8 represents _____________ (Mod7Bk1) Length In a situation where stress is extremely high, which grade of bolt should be used? Grade 2 Screws used on parts that must have a finished appearance are called ____________ Machine Screws A jam nut is used _____________ When appearance is important Which type of lock washer is used with bolts and cap screws? Internal When installing a lubed 1/2"-13 SAE Grade 8 steel bolt, it should be tightened to ___________ 124 foot pounds Dry torque fasteners are designed to be used with a lubricant or anti-seize compound. T or F True The force required to loosen a fastener is called ____________ Run-down resistance Wedge and sleeve anchors are both classified as ___________ Hollow-wall anchors The type of anchor used to anchor material to concrete block is the _____________ Double-expansion anchor The type of ring shown in "review question figure 1" is a _____________ ———- ( ) ( ) ] [ Basic internal ring The type of cotter pin that is reusable is the ____________ Hitch pin Blind rivets are used when a joint can only be accessed from one side. T or F False Which of the following statements about blind rivets is true? Blind rivets cannot be removed without destroying the rivet. The device shown in "Review question figure 2" is a ___________ [————o————] Spring Clamp The type of flange facing that can be used without a gasket has a __________ (Mod8Bk1) Cold water finish The raised face on a class 900 flange in generally ___________ 1/4" (inch) High The type of flange that uses a steel ring as a seal is the ___________ Ring-joint type flange Serrated and corrugated gaskets are made of __________ Metal Copper gaskets are ____________ Not used in high pressure/high temperature steam systems The stripe on a spiral wound gasket with a PTFE filler is ____________ White Rubber gasket material is used in water, gas, air, and refrigerant systems operating at __________ low pressure/low temperature The correct way to tighten flange bolts start at 12 o'clock and work counterclockwise. T or F False The o ring that has an approximate temperature range of -30 deg F to 400 deg F is ___________ Viton The S Twist method is a method used for installing ___________ Packing Natural rubber has a limited chemical resistance to __________ (Mod9Bk1) Petroleum, aqueous, and organic The material safety data sheet contains written or printed information concerning _____________ A Hazardous Material Cutting oils are used to reduce _______ during threading Heat and friction Active and inactive cutting oils both contain __________ Sulphur When aluminum is exposed to air, _________ is formed on the surface Oxide An abbreviation for polytetrafluoroethylene is _____________ PTFE (TFE on test?) Teflon tape should be used as a _______ because its thinness and inherent non-sticking characteristics will prevent it from sticking to threaded surfaces. Sealant Solvent-based sealant paste is commonly referred to as __________ Pipe dope Flint sandpaper is often used for _____________ Removing excess lubricants and sealants from the surfaces of electrical equipment. The first thing you should do before using an aerosol is to ___________ Read the instructions and warning statements A temperature reading of 125 deg C equals how many deg F ? (Mod1Bk2) Deg F = deg C (1.8) +32 Deg F = 125 (1.8) +32 257 deg F Which of the following uses a change in voltage to measure temperature? Thermocouple An absolute pressure gauge reads 56.5 psia. If atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi, the gauge pressure reading is ______ psia = Absolute pressure. psig = pressure per square gauge. Atmospheric pressure = 14.7 psia psig = psia - atmospheric pressure psig = (56.5) - 14.7 41.8 psig Which of the following devices is used to measure pressure? Bellows The sensing element in which type of bourdon tube produces the least amount of tip travel and torque capacity? C-type The colors of the conductors of a Type J thermocouple are typically? White and red Three common causes of damage to pressure measuring instruments are over-pressurization, extreme temperatures, and ___________ Excessive vibration Which of the following devices is used to measure level directly? Float and cable The operation of which level measuring instrument involves raising and lowering liquid inside a standpipe that contains a suspended object? Torque tube displacer The probe in a capacitance probe level measuring instrument must be insulated if the process fluid is ___________ Conductive An ultrasonic level measuring device is frequently used to measure the level of __________ Grain stored in silos A pressure gauge mounted at the bottom of an open tank of water indicates 17 psig. The level of water in the tank is __________ H= pressure / 0.0360 472.222 inches A device that measures level by first determining a fluids head pressure and then converting the pressure measurement into a corresponding level is called a (n) __________ Hydrostatic head device The low pressure connection line for a bubbler system installed in a closed tank in which the vapors from the process liquid are non corrosive, non plugging, and have very low condensation factors is called a _________ Dry leg The speed of a fluid over a given distance is called its __________ Velocity The flow rate of a fluid moving through a pipe is proportional to the ___________ Amount of force exerted by the fluid over the given area Which of the following is commonly used to measure flow? Venturi Tube A device that can be used to measure the flow rate of water in a river ___________ Pitot tube Which type of flowmeter measures flow by producing an electronic or pneumatic output that is proportional to the amount of deflection of a plate? Electromagnetic flowmeter Which of the following uses a float in a tapered tube to indicate flow? Rotameter If tubing has an OD of 10 mm and a wall thickness of 1.2 mm, its ID is ___________ Tubing OD - (2 x wall thickness) = ID 10 mm - (2 x 1.2 mm) = ID Bk1Mod10 ID = 7.6 mm 10 mm - 2.4 mm = ID One of the disadvantages of using copper tubing in some applications is that it __________ Expands more than some other types of tubing Stainless steel is a steel alloy that contains at least 12 percent _____________ Chromium The type of poly tubing often referred to as surgical tubing is ____________ Tygon As the working temperature of a process fluid increases without room for expansion, the working pressure applied to the interior of the tubing _______________ Increases To prevent contamination of tubing while in storage, the tubing ____________ Ends should be crimped, plugged, or capped If soft tubing is unrolled and rolled back up again a number of times, it begins to harden. T or F True A V shaped cutting tool is made especially for cutting ______________ Plastic Tubing The manufacturers instructions supplied with a tubing cutter specify type and size of ___________ Cutter and wheel In order to leave the wall thickness as close to normal as possible, tubing should be reamed only until _____________ The burrs are removed A saddle bend is another name for a (n) _________ Crossover bend Whenever tubing is bent, the metal at the back of the bend is ___________ Stretched Using a lever bender of a different size than the tubing will generally result in a ___________ Flattened bend The only type of tubing that may always be connected directly to fittings fabricated from a different material than the tubing itself is __________ Plastic What part of the compression fitting must be harder than the tubing to allow the sweeping effect to take place? Ferrule What type of ferrule do fittings used for poly or plastic tubing often have ? Nylon The flare fitting generally used for low pressure applications such as pneumatic systems has a taper angle of __________ 45 degrees Which of these items is added to flare fittings for high pressure applications? Sleeves Which of these joining methods is most likely to be used to join copper tubing for domestic water? Soldering Which of these statements is the correct method for preparing a solvent-cement joint? Apply cement to the tube end only Central air conditioning systems in homes generally require a power source of ___________ Bk1Md6) 240 volts The worst effect a current of 150mA is likely to have on the human body is ____________ Extreme pain and possible death What characteristics do devices that use DC instead of AC power often have in common? They are often mobile and cannot remain plugged into a power source constantly. One milliamp is equal to ___________ of an amp 1/1000 th of an amp (one thousandth) Current is measured in ____________ Amperes (amps) How much current is drawn by a 120V circuit containing a 1,500W load ? I=E/R I= 120 / 1500 I = 0.08 (amps) (Current) How much power is consumed by a 120V parallel circuit that contains a 1000 ohms load and an 800 ohms load and draws 2.7A (amps) ? P = 120V x 2.7A P = 324 Watts How much current will be drawn by a 120V series circuit containing a 100 ohms load and a 50 ohms load ? I = E / R I = 120V / 150 ohms I = 0.8 amps (Current) The circuit shown in "Review Question Figure 1" is a(n) _____________ ________R3______ | | R1 R2 | | |—-| |—-| _|_________|_ |__Battery__| Series Circuit If a circuit containing five ohms 50 ohm resistors has a total resistance of 10 ohms, the circuit is a(n) _________ Parallel circuit Placing the jaws of a clamp-on ammeter around two separate conductors will result in __________ An inaccurate reading Wrapping a conductor several times around the jaws of the ammeter multiplies the current by the number of wraps. T or F True A continuity tester operates like a(n) __________ Ohmmeter The test instrument used to test conductor and motor insulation is the __________ Megohmmeter Shields on electrical conductors are used to __________ Protect against electrical interference Which of the following wire gauges has the largest cross-sectional area? 00 AWG The larger the number = the smaller the cross sectional area & vice versa The maximum permitted ampacity of a conductor is determined by the __________ Size of the conductor and the type of insulation De-rating a conductor means to reduce the maximum current that it is permitted to carry. T or F True Per the NEC , the common color for an insulated grounding wire is ___________ Green The condition that occurs when an electrical current bypasses the intended load is a _________ Short Circuit A problem area on open packaging that may indicate damage to the instrument secured is ____________ Bk1Md6 Loose tie-down If a carton or container is found to be in a position other than specified by the markings in the carton container, you must _________ Note on the inspection form Hoisting equipment is normally certified by the __________ Manufacturer When performing a visual inspection of a received item for damage, you must _________ Inspect the outward appearance of the item The specifications of the received instrument are compared to __________ The instrument data sheets What category of storage would normally be required for extremely delicate instruments? Level A What category of storage normally required for a large bundle of reinforcing steel is _________ Level D A common characteristic of level B storage is ________ Precise temperature and humidity control One example of an item that is typically kept in a level C storage area is ___________ Orifice plate An orifice plate can be suspended by its calibrated opening while in storage. T or F False Information pertaining to the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) hazardous location classification for an instrument to be installed on a project may be found on the ____________ Mod3Bk2 Instrument data sheet The symbol shown in Review Question Figure 1 represents a(n) _____. | //// Chassis ground What type of switch is represented by the symbol in Review Question Figure 2 ? SPDT Double break Which type of diagram shows the interconnection of the components in a system, but not necessarily the actual connections of the conductors or terminals? One-line The lines between the blocks on a block diagram represent the ___________ Connection between components Which of the following is a form of wiring diagram ? Electrical Schematic A cable tray listed size of 450 x 150 means the dimensions are _________ (Unit of measurement) 450 mm x 150 mm The letters within the bubble on a bubble diagram (P&ID) represent the type of ________ Process On a bubble diagram, a double horizontal line within a bubble indicates that the instrument is _________ At an auxiliary location Instruments that are usually located near the point of measurement or near a final control element are referred to as ____________ Field Mounted Which of the following instrumentation documents can be used by the installation contractor to help determine the percentage of completion of the total package ? Field checklist In instrumentation applications that incorporate a programmable logic controller, the sequence of operation is often shown on a series of ______________ Ladder diagrams Which item in a set of installation drawings list the required fitting and connection descriptions, including the sizes, quantities, and materials from which the fittings and connections are made ? Bill of materials Flow diagrams may be drawn as ________ Block diagrams The number of diagrams an electrical instrumentation installer needs to refer to depends on the _______________ Information the installer requires An ammeter should always be connected in parallel with a load. T or F MOD4 BK 2 False A clamp-on ammeter measures current by using the same principle as a ___________ Transformer After you wrap 10 turns of wire around the jaws of a clamp-on ammeter and apply power to the circuit, the ammeter indicates 10A. How much current is flowing in the circuit? 10A / 10 = (Divide amps by number of turns of wire) 1 Amp. (1A) The MIN/MAX or peak function of a clampon ammeter is useful for _____. Checking a motors start up current Polarity is not an issue when connecting a voltmeter to a component in an AC circuit. T or F True The purpose of the zero adjustment knob is to compensate for _________ Condition of the battery When not in use, a multimeter should be stored ____________ Flat When a digital multimeter is connected to voltage outside its range, the display will indicate __________ OL, along with a flashing decimal point What test instrument is designed to provide a quick test to determine that power is off and it is safe to work on equipment? Voltage tester Which type of oscilloscope is best for adjusting an electronic circuit? Analog oscilloscope Which control on an oscilloscope specifies the sweep speed? Time/division control On an oscilloscope, the time required for one cycle of a repeating signal is called a(n) _________ Period When measuring true power, wattmeters are accurate to within ___________ 1 percent You suspect a very high resistance to ground is causing the signal in a cable system to degrade. What instrument would be best suited to test for very high resistance? Megger To ensure the correct frequency is produced by a gasoline-powered generator, use a _____________ Frequency meter An instrument used to adjust the frequency of a signal generated by an electronic device is called a ________ Frequency counter To monitor voltage fluctuations over a fiveday period, use a(n) __________ Chart Recorder The primary purpose of a lineman's test set is to check for a dial tone on digital phone lines. T or F True Which of the following instruments is useful for tracing telephone cables behind a wall? Cable Toner Tests for crosstalk and propagation delay are done with a ___________ Cable certification tester A sound pressure level meter is basically a(n) __________ Microphone System measurements commonly made with a signal level meter are __________ Audio and video carrier levels on each channel A real-time spectrum analyzer is used to test cables for opens and shorts. T or F False When testing to see how much a signal is attenuated over a length of cable, which test instrument combination would be used? Cable toner and oscilloscope When testing the two conductors of a twisted-pair, the existence of a short circuit is indicated by ____________ A continuity reading An area of a piping system where there will be no active flow during a cleaning or flushing operation is referred to as a(n) ____. MOD 8 BK 2 Dead leg A cleaned, dried piping system may need to remain inactive for an extended period of time after cleaning. In this case, the piping system is prepared for _____. Layup Pickling is an effective method of _____. Cleaning A common organic contaminant found in piping or tubing is _____. Lubrication oils Turbidimetry refers to _________ a fluid test for suspended particles to determine cleanliness The air cleaning of tubing may be followed by _____. Water flushing Oxygen should never be used for cleaning or purging because it becomes reactive and potentially explosive when mixed with _____. Oils (or Hydrogen) Instrument air must be clean and _____. Dry The most common gas alternative for air and moisture-free cleaning and purging is _____. Nitrogen Most forms of corrosion involve _____. Oxygen Oil and grease are often removed from oxygen service lines by using _____. Soda Ash What organization establishes the generally accepted standards for leak testing piping and tubing systems within the United States? ASME Radioactive gases are employed as tracers for leak detection in _____. settings where the gas is confined to an integral test chamber Which of the following statements about pneumatic leak testing is true? All tubing ends must be securely capped or terminated. Water used for hydrostatic testing must conform to a specified grade, which is related to several characteristics including _____. Conductivity What type of drawing or sketch can help a fitter lay out an installation where piping is bent in more than one plane? MOD 10 BK 2 Isometric In what direction should the stem on an installed control valve face? Upright Which of the following is the most important benefit of using graph paper to create isometric drawings or sketches? It can be scaled The starting point of an angle is the _____. The apex A bill of materials is typically included on a(n) _____. Instrument installation drawing The precise amount of gain for bent tubing is related to the _____. Radius of the bend To accurately mark all the way around when marking tubing, use a _____ . Ferrule Hand-operated, lever-type compression benders are also called one-shot benders because they _____. are designed to bend one size of pipe or tubing On power benders, using a smaller shoe than the size of the pipe or tube being bent can _____. Cause the shoe to explode To produce the desired bend when using a lever-type compression bender, fitters must align the mark made on the tubing with the mark on the slide block, based on the _____. direction from which the tubing was measured Mechanical snubbers contain a(n) _____. gear and pinion arrangement At what length is a section of tubing considered self-supporting? Three feet (0.9 meter) or less To protect the outer diameter of tubing, modern tubing supports use _____. Cushionings A gang clamp is an example of a(n) _____. non-cushioned tubing support If an air quality class of 1.2.3 were to be specified, the concentration of oil allowed is represented by the number(s) _____. MOD 11 BK 2 3 One micron is equal to _____. .001 mm A way to remove captured particles from an edge filtration filter element is to _____. Reverse the airflow through the element A device designed to maintain a constant pressure or flow volume in a pneumatic system is called a _____. Regulator Non-adjustable direct-operated regulators are typically used where _____. Consistent pressure settings are crucial A pilot-operated regulator is best for applications _____. Where only a small amount of energy is required to position the valve Droop refers to the _____. Amount a regulator drifts above its setpoint To position a pneumatic device, a pressure controller with an electrical output can be used to control a(n) _____. Electro pneumatic relay Which of the following is not a required piece of information when sizing a pressure regulator? The total pressure drop through all served pneumatic devices The body size of a pressure regulator should _____. Never be larger than the pipe size The primary element in an absorption dryer that uses a process to separate moisture by liquefying desiccants is ______. A deliquescent drying agent Moisture can be removed from air by _____. Reducing the temperature to and below the dew point A heat-reactivated adsorptive dryer with multiply drying chambers loaded with desiccant can be operated in cycles. While the desiccant in one drying chamber is being regenerated, the other chamber(s) is _____. Drying process air In most combination filter/dryer systems, the system works best if the compressed air provided is _____. first dried in a refrigeration type air dryer Because the majority of pneumatic instruments and processes cannot tolerate wet, hot compressed air, compressors are often supplied with _____. Aftercoolers One disadvantage of a globe valve is _____. MOD1 BK 3 High head loss (restriction in flow) Gate valves should not be used to _____. throttle flow A knife valve is likely to be used in which of the following applications? Slurry or waste A needle valve may be used when an application requires _____. Finely adjusted flow One disadvantage of a spring and diaphragm actuator is _____. Limited power A valve that remains in its current state whenever the source of control is lost is referred to as _____. Fail as positioned On a direct-acting positioner, if the output from the controller decreases, the positioner's output will _____. Decrease Which one of the following positioners may interface with a PAM program? Smart positioner A flow arrow on the body of a gate valve indicates that the valve has a _____. Double gate Fittings that are marked LH on the outside wall indicate _____. Left hand threads A device that converts one form of input signal to another form of output signal is called a _____. MOD 2 BK3 Transducer The measurement of an instrument's repeatability is referred to as _____. Precision When the voltage produced by a thermocouple is measured to determine a temperature value, the measurement being made is _____. Inferred The first system element that responds quantitatively to the measured variable and performs the initial measurement operation is a _____. Detector For many years, the type and polarity of thermocouple wires have been indicated through the use of _____. Color coding A Bourdon tube must be fabricated from a material that has elastic properties so that it _____. Can deform under pressure The detection principle of an RTD is that resistance varies linearly with _____. Temperature When a capacitance level detector is used to measure the level of a nonconductive liquid, one of the conductors is a bare metal probe while the other conductor is typically _____. The tank wall Ultrasonic level detectors are suitable only for installations where temperature, atmospheric conditions, and liquid composition are relatively constant because these conditions affect the _____. Velocity of sound An orifice plate is normally mounted _____. Between two flanges In a magnetic flowmeter, the process fluid _____. Acts as the moving conductor An I/P transducer converts signals from _____. Current to pneumatic The component that receives the input signal in an I/P transducer is the _____. Coil The type of transducer that is most likely to be used in a chemical area or humid space where pneumatic measuring instruments are used is a(n) _____. P/I transducer What type of transducer employs electrical resistance variation to sense mechanical stress or other force? A metallic strain gauge A piezoelectric transducer operates on the principle that applying a force or pressure to certain crystals creates _____. A proportional electrical potential The zero point on pneumatic transmitters is typically set to 3 psi instead of 0 psi _____. To indicate the presence of a leak A pneumatic force-balance differential pressure transmitter is also referred to as a(n) _____. DP Cell When the low leg of a DP cell liquid level measurement transmitter is intentionally filled with liquid to eliminate measurement errors, the installation is referred to as a(n) _____. Wet leg Which of these communication protocols is popular because of its ability to send digital signals over 4-20 mA analog wiring? HART The formula for calculating the total resistance in a series circuit with three resistors is _____. MOD 3 BK 3 R(Total) = R1 + R2 + R3 The total resistance in a series circuit with three resistances of 10Ω, 20Ω, and 30Ω is _____. 60 Ohms The formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit with three resistors is _____. R(Total) = 1 / (1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3) The total resistance of the circuit shown in Review Question Figure RQ01 is _____. 400 Ohms Example is just a combination series and parallel circuit problem. Simple In a parallel circuit, the voltage across any branch is equal to the _____. Path resistance times total current The total current (I) of the circuit shown in Review Question Figure RQ02 is _____. 1. Find Total Resistance Rt = 1 / (1/40 + 1/40) 2. Use total R along with E total voltage (100V) to find total current using ohms law I = E / R Rt = 1 / (1/40 + 1/40) Rt = 1/(1/.025 + 1/.025) Rt = 1/.05 ———— Rt = 20 Et = 100V. Find the total current (It) It = Et / Rt ———— It = 100V / 20 It = 5A A resistor of 32Ω is in parallel with a resistor of 36Ω, and a 54Ω resistor is in series with the pair. When 350V is applied to the combination, the total current (IT) for the circuit is _____. 4.93 Amps. (1). Rt = R1 x R2 / R1 + R2 (2). + 54 = Rt It = Et / Rt (3). It = 350 / Rt A 242Ω resistor is in parallel with a 180Ω resistor, and a 420Ω resistor is in series with the combination. A current of 22mA flows through the 242Ω resistor. The current through the 180Ω resistor is _____. 29.6 mA RELEARN. Couldn't figure out how to set up and solve without being given the voltage. Two 24Ω resistors (R1 and R2) are in parallel, and a 42Ω resistor (R3) is in series with the combination. When 78V is applied to the three resistors, the voltage drop across R3 is _____. 60.7 V RELEARN. Couldn't figure out how to set up and solve without being given the voltage. A 19Ω resistor (R1) is in parallel with an 18Ω resistor (R2), and in series with the two is a 14Ω resistor (R3). When 70V is applied to this combination, the current through R1 is _____. RELEARN The number of cycles an alternating electric current undergoes per second is known as _____. Frequency The peak voltage in a 120VAC circuit is _____. 170 V In a circuit of pure resistance, the voltage and current are _____. In phase The opposition to current flow offered by the capacitance of a circuit is known as _____. Capacitive resistance True power is equal to _____. I^2 x R (I squared times R) A switching regulator maintains the output voltage of a power supply within a specified range by _____. Varying the drive current of the high frequency chopper circuit Linear DC power supplies have the disadvantage of being _____. Heavier than switching power supplies What must be taken into account when selecting a power supply? The code requirements The value of an analog input signal varies with the change in magnitude of the _____. Process The On value of a digital signal is _____. 1 What is used to guard low level signals against outside interference? Shielded cable The resistance of the precision resistor typically installed across the input terminals of receiving devices in a 4-20mA loop is _____. 250 Ohms The sum of all the voltage drops in a 4-20mA loop must not exceed ____. The power supply voltage when the signal = 20 mA What numbering system forms the basis for digital signaling? Binary A digital signal is different from an analog signal in that it is _____. Discrete The element or component in a PLC that executes programs stored in its memory is the _____. CPU What would be one quality of a metal best suited as RTD material? Stable within a given range of temperature An RTD acts somewhat like an electrical transducer, converting changes in temperature to _____. Voltage signals by the measurement of resistance A strain gauge is used to measure or detect changes in _____. Strain gauge One of the reasons to apply remote level indication would be when the _____. Vessel is located in an unsafe. Or radio-active area Switches are normally used to make or break an electrical circuit that is operating _____. BK3Mod5 within the voltage and current ratings of the switch Switch contacts are often coated with a conductive material to _____. prevent oxidation The number of poles in a switch directly relates to the _____. number of circuit legs that the switch makes or breaks Which of these switch types is likely to have multiple positions? Rotary Switches designed to be activated mechanically by the motion of machinery are _____. Limit switches An SCR is an electronic device that _____. can switch large amounts of power on and off The amount of voltage and current that is generated by a solar cell is proportional to the amount of _____. Light absorbed by the cell Motion detector switches typically function through the use of _____. Infrared light What material is used in the cable that connects an emitter and a receiver in a fiberoptic application that uses infrared light? glass fibers The eddy current killed oscillator (ECKO) principle is behind the operation of a _____. line-powered inductive type proximity sensor One of the purposes of grounding is to hold all noncurrent-carrying parts of the electrical system at _____. BK3Mod7 zero potential with reference to ground System grounding relates to _____. Service entrance equipment Which of the following provides a termination point for the grounded current-carrying conductor in a panel or enclosure? Neutral bus The delta-delta or closed delta arrangement can provide _____ V. (Volts) 240/480V Which configuration is the most common and typically produces 120/208V or 277/480V? the four-wire wye wye configuration If an underground water pipe is used as a grounding electrode, it must be in direct contact with the earth for no less than _____. 10' (3m) The equipment grounding conductor is designed to carry fault current of service equipment from the load to the _____. grounded terminal bar The process used to make sure that all metal noncurrent-carrying parts have a good, continuous conductive path throughout the grounding system is called _____. Bonding When conductors are routed to a device in nonmetallic conduit, _____. a grounding wire must also be routed Another name for traverse-mode noise is _____. Normal-mode noise Optical fiber cable emits and receives _____. no electrical magnetic interference For computing devices, the FCC regulation of industrial and commercial digital EMI is considered Class _____. A A capacitor is two parallel conductors or plates separated by an insulating material called a(n) _____. dielectric The user of an instrument must be prepared to evaluate the extent of the noise and either determine that the existing noise is not significant, eliminate the cause of the noise, or _____. Prevent the noise from interfering with the instrument The best possible shield for all frequencies is _____. Metal conduit The operation or operations used in the treatment of materials comprise the _____. BK3Mod8 Process Which parameter supplies energy or material to the process to regulate the deviation of a process output from the desired value? Manipulated variable A detector or sensor is considered good if it is designed to minimize _____. disturbance of the measured quantity The type of transducer that converts a 0-5 volt signal to a 4-20 mA signal is an _____. E/I transducer A variable orifice that is used to regulate the flow of process fluid according to the requirements of the process is known as a(n) _____. Control valve The component attached to a control valve that compares the stem motion of the valve to the signal from the controller is the _____. Positioner Another name for an open loop is a _____. feedforward control Another name for a feedback control is a(n) _____. closed loop An inherent flaw in closed-loop control systems is that a response can only begin after a change has occurred in the _____. Controlled variable The tendency for increasing amplitude oscillations can be a major limitation of which type of control? Closed loop In which type of control does the control system not have to wait for the primary controlled variable to change before the system initiates a corrective action? Cascade control A common application of ratio control is _____. maintaining a fixed relationship between two flows Another name for a two-position control mode is _____. on-off control In which type of control mode is the final control element throttled to various positions that are dependent on process system conditions? proportional In which type of control mode is the output rate of change dependent on the magnitude of the input? integral The device in the controller that produces the derivative signal is called the _____. Differentiator An RTD is most likely to be found in which type of process control loop? temperature A PC is most likely to be most likely to be found in which type of process control loop? Pressure Figure RQ01 shows a pneumatic level-control loop. The component that is outlined by a red box is a _____. ____ | 1.1 | ——- Booster relay The component labeled FY in Figure RQ02 is a(n) _____. Sq root symbol ( FY ) Square root extractor In automatic control, the error signal is developed and processed by the _____. BK3Mod9 Controller While manual control affects the output of the controller, local control affects _____. where and how the controller gets its setpoint What type of signal conversion is performed by an I/P transducer? electric current to pneumatic Another name for on-off control is _____. discrete control The reset function of a controller is also known as _____. Integral Three adjustments that are normally made to align a Masoneilan® 12000 Series level controller include specific gravity, setpoint, and _____. proportional band The Fisher® C1 Series pneumatic pressure controller is marketed as an "EnergyResponsible Controller" because it _____. Requires less compressed air or gas to operate What component in a basic electronic controller compares the input signal to the setpoint? An unbalance detector In an electronic controller, if a small movement from the setpoint causes a large unbalance in an electronic controller, the proportional band setting is _____. narrow The MicroMod® Automation Series 53MC5000A electronic controller incorporates a(n) _____. Programmable microprocessor Undesirable oscillations occur at the critical frequency when there is a phase shift around the loop of ___________ BK4Mod3 360 Degrees Controller tuning involves setting the __________ gain to less than 1 at the critical frequency Getting a proportional controller to work properly at startup often involves starting in _________ Manual mode Which kind of process responds to a change in the controller output by moving a specific amount and setting at a new state? Non integrating process What is the energy balance equations relationship to system stability ? Stability will occur only when the equation is balanced. Which circuit or mechanism outputs a signal that is directly related to the rate of change of its input? A differentiator Loop tuning usually involves getting information about the process by studying the _________ Process reaction curve When tuning with the ultimate period method, what should the process reaction curve look like when the controller is successfully set to the ultimate gain / proportional band? It should show constant amplitude oscillations. A good way to check for the source of apparent instability in a loop is to _________ Place the controller in manual mode Sluggish response in a control loop is often caused by __________ A lack of derivative action Digital technology treats all information as __________ BK4Mod4 Numbers A collection of compatible digital components make up a _________ Logic family A digital component defines an output voltage between 0 and 0.8V as a logic-0, and an output voltage between 2V and 5V as a logic-1. These voltages are its _________ Logic levels Which type of gate outputs a logic-0 when both of its inputs are logic-0 or both are logic-1 XOR Gate What kind of gate must be used if a digital output must deliver more current than is typical? Buffer gate A flip flop that's outputting a 0 on its Q output and a 1 on its Q NOT output is said to be _______ Reset A NOR RS flip-flops S input is changed to logic -1 and its R input is changed to logic-0. What will its Q NOT output do ? It will be logic-0 What is the name of signal used to synchronize digital circuits with each other? Clock A register is made of _______ D flip-flops The binary equivalent of the decimal number 8 is ________ 1000 The decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number F is ___________ 15 In a simple binary counter, the CLK input of each flip flop (except for the first one) is connected to the previous flip-flops __________ Q output A useful binary addition circuit is made from many individual __________ Simple adders A binary adder contains two separate circuits. One generates the sum, while the second generates the __________ Carry Converting a binary number into the pattern needed to drive a seven segment LED display requires a circuit called a(n) _____________ Decoder What is the term used to refer to how an entire PLC system is put together BK4Mod5 Architecture A PLC system consist of a power supply, processor, and various _________ Modules PLC inputs are often protected from hostile voltages by __________ Optocouplers Convert 105 (to the 10 power) to binary. (Use the division method) then go last to first with the remainders ex: 105/2= 52.5 .... R1 52/2= 26 R0 keep going.. write remainder from bottom to up (in reverse order to get answer (1101001)_2 Hexadecimal numbers are based on powers of ___________ 16 The most common text encoding system used in the PLC world is _____________ ASCII Gray code is often used with mechanical _________ Encoders To prevent damage from environmental electrical discharges, PLCs must be properly _____. isolated The way a PLC organizes its memory is called a memory _____. map A location in PLC memory used to store a word of data is called a _____. register A set of thermocouples would most likely be connected to a PLC through a(n) _____. special module Which PLC programming language is much like an electrical schematic with blocks connected by lines representing links? Functional block diagram (FBD) Which text-based PLC programming language uses short, abbreviated instructions that represent basic PLC operations? Instruction list (IL) In LD programming, an output that stays energized until a second coil is made TRUE is called a(n) _____. Latch relay In LD programming, which instructions are used to keep track of event occurrence? timer/counter A DCS is hierarchical, meaning that it distributes control in _____. BK4Mod6 Layers A connection to a network is known as a _____. Drop What is the most common type of operating system for the server and workstation programs of current DCSs? Microsoft Which of the following statements about modern DCS, PLC, and SCADA systems is true? The distinctions between them aren't as great as they once were. Spreading critical I/O across several different modules or drops is called _____. Partitioning For better performance and reliability, servers often use multiple hard drives called _____. Raid arrays A master database of all key DCS components is stored on the _____. Security Server The lowest layer in all networks, which includes cabling and connectors, is the _____. Physical layer What kind of heavy duty network is very similar to regular corporate networking technology? Industrial Ethernet What part of the DCS can alert the operator of problems through colors, sounds, priorities, and severity levels? The alarm system Maintenance works best when it's _____. Scheduled In order to keep a process under control and production quality high, instruments must be regularly _____. Calibrated A controller that's online but has no running program has probably had a _____. Memory failure The most important key to being effective at repairing instruments is _____. Proper training Properly setting up network security generally involves _____. IT personnel An element's atomic mass is an average based on the masses of its naturally occurring _____. BK4Mod7 Isotopes Noble gases _____. do not react chemically with other elements When elements interact chemically they tend to gain, lose, or share _____. Electrons What kind of bonds do metals form with nonmetals? Ionic bonds Molarity refers to the _____. concentration of a solution Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that _____. Have an electronic charge The measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution is _____. pH The numbering system for the pH scale typically ranges between _____. 0 and 14 A steel casting has a volume of 500 cm3 and a mass of 3,875 g. What is its density? Density = Mass / Volume 7.75 g/cm ^3 7.75 = 3,875 g / 500 cm^3 A gallon of glycerol has a mass of 10.5 lbs. A gallon of water at the same temperature has a mass of 8.30 lbs. What is glycerol's specific gravity? Specific g = mass of spec grav volume / mass of same volume of water or air 1.27 1.2650 = 10.5 lbs / 8.30 lbs The specific gravity of a liquid can be measured using a(n) _____. Hydrometer One method for determining viscosity is by measuring the _____. time required for a ball to fall a specific distance through the sample What do most turbidity analyzers measure to assess the suspended particles in a solution? Light What is the relationship between the flash point temperature and the fire point temperature? The flash point temperature is lower than the fire point temperature Which flash point determination method does not find the specific flash point temperature? Rapid flash A pH meter gives a reading of 13.5 for a process liquid. The liquid is _____. Basic In a two-electrode pH measuring system, the pH electrode is paired with a(n) _____. Reference electrode Conductivity is inversely related to _____. Resistance ORP probes indicate oxidation or reduction potential by _____. Voltage polarity The primary element of a high-temperature electrochemical oxygen sensor is a _____. ceramic zirconium oxide cell Which kind of oxygen detector measures a change in ORP caused by the amount of oxygen in the sample? A galvanic sensor Which gas is a toxic byproduct of combustion? Carbon monoxide Dry ice is frozen _____. Carbon dioxide Decomposing sewage produces _____. Hydrogen sulfide Total hydrocarbon content (THC) is often measured with a(n) _____. FID What kind of particulate measuring device uses butanol to enhance the particles for counting? Condensation particle counter Gas chromatography relies on the principle of _____. separation A gas chromatograph passes vaporized materials through a column or _____. Capillary tube An infrared thermometer may indicate an incorrect temperature due to _____. Material emissivity A UV sensor is a better flame detector than an IR sensor because it isn't fooled by _____. Hot componnents